Mesenteric lymph node CD11b CD103 PD-L1 dendritic cells highly induce regulatory T cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) induce Foxp3 regulatory T cells to regulate immune responses to beneficial or non-harmful agents in the intestine, such as commensal bacteria and foods. Several studies in MLN DCs have revealed that the CD103 DC subset highly induces regulatory T cells, and another study has reported that MLN DCs from programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) -deficient mice could not induce regulatory T cells. Hence, the present study investigated the expression of these molecules on MLN CD11c cells.

Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses Toll-like receptor 9 responses in Peyer's patch dendritic cells.

In the intestine, immune responses to commensal microbes should be regulated precisely. This regulation is achieved partly by dendritic cells (DCs), which recognize microbes through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although TLR responses have been intensely studied, cross-talk between individual TLRs remains unclear.

Attenuation of migration properties of CD4+ T cells from aged mice correlates with decrease in chemokine receptor expression, response to retinoic acid, and RALDH expression compared to young mice.

Aging results in attenuation of abilities to mount appropriate immune responses. The influence of aging on CD4(+) T cell migration ability toward chemokines was investigated with young and aged mice. We found functional decline in migration ability toward CCL19 and also decreased CCR7 expression level in antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells from aged mice compared with those from young mice.

Splenic stromal cells from aged mice produce higher levels of IL-6 compared to young mice.

Inflamm-aging indicates the chronic inflammatory state resulting from increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators such as IL-6 in the elderly. Our principle objective was to identify cell types that were affected with aging concerning IL-6 secretion in the murine model. We compared IL-6 production in spleen cells from both young and aged mice and isolated several types of cells from spleen and investigated IL-6 mRNA expression and protein production.

IL-10 and IL-27 producing dendritic cells capable of enhancing IL-10 production of T cells are induced in oral tolerance.

Oral tolerance is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic tolerance to ingested antigens (Ag). Dendritic cells (DC) have been revealed as important immune regulators, however, the precise role of DC in oral tolerance induction remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of DC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patch (PP) after oral Ag administration in a TCR-transgenic mouse model.