Rapid and dramatic responses to dabrafenib and trametinib in BRAF V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) is a proto-oncogene that regulates cell proliferation and survival. BRAF V600E-mutated lung cancer has aggressive characteristics and is resistant to chemotherapies. Combination of BRAF-specific inhibitor dabrafenib and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib is the standard treatment for BRAF V600E-mutated lung cancer.

Case of low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin presenting metastases to lymph nodes and peritoneum.

A 61-year-old Japanese man had a gradually growing, red-colored nodule in his umbilicus from 3 years ago. He had no symptoms such as hot flush, diarrhea or wheezing. Computed tomography detected a 3.

Upregulation of TGF-β1 and basic FGF in elastofibroma: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Elastofibroma is a rare tumour that occurs in the subscapular space, and it typically presents in middle-aged and older individuals. The aetiology of elastofibroma remains unknown. Recent, sporadic reports have shown, immunohistologically, that fibroblasts in elastofibroma may produce abnormal elastic and collagen fibres through the action of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a factor that promotes fibroblast proliferation.