Persistence of Marine Bacterial Plasmid in the House Fly (Musca domestica): Marine-Derived Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Have a Chance of Invading the Human Environment.

The house fly is known to be a vector of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in animal farms. It is also possible that the house fly contributes to the spread of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among various environments. We hypothesized that ARB and ARGs present in marine fish and fishery food may gain access to humans via the house fly.

Marine bacteria harbor the sulfonamide resistance gene without mobile genetic elements.

Marine bacteria are possible reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) originating not only from clinical and terrestrial hot spots but also from the marine environment. We report here for the first time a higher rate of the sulfonamide-resistance gene in marine bacterial isolates compared with other genes. Among four sulfonamide-resistance genes (, , , and ), was most abundant (45%) in 74 sulfonamide-resistant marine isolates by PCR screening.

An Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE) Found in Shewanella halifaxensis Isolated from Marine Fish Intestine May Connect Genetic Materials between Human and Marine Environments.

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) play a role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We herein report an ICE from Shewanella halifaxensis isolated from fish intestine with a similar structure to both a clinical bacterial ICE and marine bacterial plasmid. The ICE was designated ICEShaJpn1, a member of the SXT/R391 family of ICEs (SRIs).

Macrolide resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in waterways from pig farms to the sea in Taiwan.

Objectives: Macrolides have a long history of use in animals and humans. Dynamics of macrolide-antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in waterways from the origin to the sea has not been reported.

Methods: Resistant bacterial rate was measured by culture method, and copy numbers of macrolide-ARGs, mef(A), erm(B), mph(B), mef(C)-mph(G), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) traI and IntI1 were quantitated in environmental DNA.

Contamination of antibiotics and sul and tet(M) genes in veterinary wastewater, river, and coastal sea in Thailand.

Water systems in Southeast Asia accumulate antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from multiple origins, notably including human clinics and animal farms. To ascertain the fate of antibiotics and ARGs in natural water environments, we monitored the concentrations of these items in Thailand. Here, we show high concentrations of tetracyclines (72,156.

Adsorption of sulfonamides to marine diatoms and arthropods.

Sulfonamides are frequently detected in the environment, where these compounds adsorb to soil particles and are retained in the environment. However, adsorption of sulfonamides to planktonic particles in the sea is not known. Here we demonstrate that sulfonamides adsorb to a diatom (Chaetoceros) and an arthropod (Artemia), albeit at low levels, under laboratory conditions.

Tetracycline Resistance Gene Profiles in Red Seabream () Intestine and Rearing Water After Oxytetracycline Administration.

Marine aquaculture fish and the environment are possible hot spots for the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We here show the time courses of changes of six tetracycline resistance genes () in fish rearing seawater and fish intestine in tank experiments. Experimental tanks were prepared as oxytetracycline (OTC) administration tanks and those without OTC.

Tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) of a marine bacterial strain is not accumulated in bivalves from seawater in clam tank experiment and mussel monitoring.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are found in marine as well as terrestrial bacteria. Bivalves are known to accumulate chemical pollutants and pathogenic microbes, however, the fate of ARGs in bivalves after the intake of ARG-possessing bacteria is not known. Here we show that the copy number of oxytetracycline resistance gene tet(M) increased rapidly in the clam digestive tract by filtering water, then remained constant over 96h in a tank experiment even with the addition of tet(M)-possessing bacteria every 24h.