Assessment of PD-1 and PD-L1 tissue expression levels in lichen planus patients: a case-control study.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint protein, PD-1 interaction with PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) is essential for maintaining immunological tolerance. The study aimed to study and compare the levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in lesional and nonlesional skin of lichen planus (LP) patients and compare these levels to normal healthy controls to assess their role in the pathogenesis of LP. This case-control study involved 30 patients with LP and 30 healthy age-and sex-matched controls.

Fractional CO 2 Laser versus Fractional CO 2 Laser Plus Betamethasone/Calcipotriol Ointment in the Treatment of Nail Psoriasis.

Background: Nail psoriasis has a major negative impact on the physical and psychological aspects of the patient's life. Treatment is often unsatisfactory because of the difficult penetration of the drug into the nail.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of fractional CO 2 laser monotherapy versus combined fractional CO 2 laser and calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment preparation in treatment of nail psoriasis.

Efficacy of Fractional Carbon Dioxide (CO) Laser versus Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) and Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) Lasers in the Treatment of Acanthosis Nigricans.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common chronic skin disorder clinically presents by velvety hyperpigmented lesions mainly at the flexural areas. Fractional photothermolysis has been reported to improve both pigmentary and textural changes by removing thin layers of skin with minimal thermal damage. Other options are the Q-switched (Qs) Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and Qs KTP (532 nm) lasers.

The efficacy of intradermal injections of botulinum toxin in the management of enlarged facial pores and seborrhea: a split face-controlled study.

Background: Enlarged facial pores are becoming a matter of cosmetic concern. Injections of (botulinum toxin type A) have an increasing popularity among cosmetic procedures.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of botulinum toxin in treatment of excess sebum secretion and enlarged facial pores.

Efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide laser for treatment of unwanted facial freckles in phototypes II-IV: a pilot study.

Facial freckles are a cosmetic concern to Egyptians, particularly young females. Several therapeutic lines exist with variable response rates and limitations. Fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser provides minimal ablation and therefore less down time and less side effects.