Do the norms of tolerance for child physical abuse modify the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse?

Background: Intergenerational transmission of physical abuse is well-known; however, the potential for contextual effect modification remains unknown.

Objective: We investigated whether the norms of tolerance for child physical abuse modify the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse.

Participants And Setting: Data from the Child Living Standard Survey (grades five and eight) conducted between 2016 and 2018 in three prefectures in Japan was analyzed.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum suppresses binge alcohol-induced liver fat accumulation via gut environment modulation in mice.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), including alcoholic fatty liver, is a serious problem in many countries, and its economic costs to society are enormous. There is evidence indicating the relations between gut environments and liver disease, and thus, improvement of gut environment is expected to be an effective approach for ALD prevention. In this study, we explored the preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on ALD focusing on the gut-liver axis.

Effectiveness of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Cognitive Function and Sleep Efficiency in Healthy Elderly Subjects in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study.

The consumption of functional foods in a daily diet is a promising approach for the maintenance of cognitive health. The present study examines the effects of water-soluble prebiotic dietary-fiber, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), on cognitive function and mental health in healthy elderly individuals. Participants consumed either 5 g/day of PHGG or a placebo daily for 12 weeks in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group study.

Hesperetin-7--glucoside/β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Induces Acute Vasodilator Effect to Inhibit the Cold Sensation Response during Localized Cold-Stimulate Stress in Healthy Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover, and Placebo-Controlled Study.

Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, exerts vasodilation and is expected to improve endothelial function and alleviate cold sensation by activating nervous system thermal transduction pathways. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study, the purpose was to assess the effect of an orally administered highly bioavailable soluble inclusion complex of hesperetine-7--glucoside with β-cyclodextrin (HEPT7G/βCD; SunActive HES/HCD) on cold sensation response during localized cold-stimulated stress in healthy humans. A significant ( ≤ 0.

Association of child-specific and household material deprivation with depression among elementary and middle school students in Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between child-specific and household material deprivation with depression among elementary and middle school students in Japan.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 10,505 and 10,008 students for fifth-grade elementary school students (G5) and second-grade middle school students (G8), respectively, and their caregivers. The data were collected from August to September 2016 in 4 municipalities of Tokyo and from July to November 2017 in 23 municipalities of Hiroshima prefecture.

Effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gums of different molecular weights on a human intestinal in vitro fermentation model.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gums (PHGGs) are prebiotic soluble dietary fibers. High molecular-weight PHGGs have rapid fermentation and high short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) productivity rates, compared to low molecular-weight PHGGs. Therefore, low molecular-weight PHGGs may have less pronounced prebiotic effects than high molecular-weight PHGGs.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum is associated with improvement in gut health, sleep, and motivation among healthy subjects.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum dietary fiber is well recognized for a number of health benefits. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on constipation, intestinal microbiota as well as mental health in healthy subjects. In the randomized, parallel, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study the enrolled healthy men and women volunteers took either 3 g/day (T3) or 5 g/day (T5) of dietary fiber intakes for eight consecutive weeks compared to placebo (T0).

Influence of iron supplementation on fatigue, mood states and sweating profiles of healthy non-anemic athletes during a training exercise: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

Iron is specifically important to athletes, and attention has grown to the association between sports performance and iron regulation in the daily diets of athletes. The study presents new insights into stress, mood states, fatigue, and sweating behavior among the non-anemic athletes with sweating exercise habits who consumed a routine low dose (3.6 mg/day) of iron supplementation.

Structural Investigation of Hesperetin-7--Glucoside Inclusion Complex with β-Cyclodextrin: A Spectroscopic Assessment.

Flavonoids are biologically active natural products of great interest for their potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. A hesperetin-7--glucoside inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (HEPT7G/βCD; SunActive HCD) was formulated via the controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of hesperidin with enzyme. The conversion rate was nearly 98%, estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Monocaprin Enhances Bioavailability of Fucoxanthin in Diabetic/Obese KK- Mice.

Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and several microalgae. It has been reported that fucoxanthin has health benefits such as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. To facilitate fucoxanthin applications in the food industry, it is important to improve its low bioavailability.

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Suppresses the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a soluble dietary fiber derived through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum, a highly viscous galactomannan derived from the seeds of . Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with PHGG against sarcopenic obesity using Db/Db mice. Db/Db mice fed a normal diet alone or a fiber-free diet, or supplemented with a diet containing PHGG (5%), were examined.

Water-soluble dietary fiber alleviates cancer-induced muscle wasting through changes in gut microenvironment in mice.

Cancer cachexia and the associated skeletal muscle wasting are considered poor prognostic factors, although effective treatment has not yet been established. Recent studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle loss may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the accompanying chronic inflammation or altered metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the possible effects of modifying the gut microenvironment with partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a soluble dietary fiber, on cancer-related muscle wasting and its mechanism using a colon-26 murine cachexia model.

DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide technology for regulating lymphocytes in vivo.

Manipulating lymphocyte functions with gene silencing approaches is promising for treating autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer. Although oligonucleotide therapy has been proven to be successful in treating several conditions, efficient in vivo delivery of oligonucleotide to lymphocyte populations remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous injection of a heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO), comprised of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and its complementary RNA conjugated to α-tocopherol, silences lymphocyte endogenous gene expression with higher potency, efficacy, and longer retention time than ASOs.

Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiotas of Piglets.

Probiotics and prebiotics have become viable alternatives of growth-promoting antimicrobials in animal production. Here, we tested partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) as a possible prebiotic for piglets in the commercial farm. Five hundred and ninety-four piglets were used for the experiments, with 293 given a normal pig feed (control), while the rest the feed plus 0.

[The association between grandparental poverty and grandchildren's health].

Objective　This study aimed to examine whether there is any remaining association between grandparental poverty and grandchildren's body mass index (BMI) and depression, after controlling for parental poverty and other parental characteristics.Methods　Data used in this study were gathered through the Child Living Standard Survey (Kodomo no Seikatsu Jittai Chosa) conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan government in 2016. The survey questionnaires were mailed to all children in grades five, eight, and eleven who lived in four districts of Tokyo.

Mothers' nonstandard work schedules and adolescent obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

Background: Many wage earners in developed countries have irregular shift patterns and work evenings, nights, and weekends. Some studies have demonstrated that the nonstandard work schedules of parents have adverse effects on their children's weight, specifically leading to or worsening obesity. However, no such study has been conducted in adolescents of high school age.

Nutrient adequacy of Japanese schoolchildren on days with and without a school lunch by household income.

Background: Evidence for whether the nutrient intakes of Japanese schoolchildren differ according to household income is sparse.

Objective: We investigated the role of school lunches for nutrient adequacy among Japanese primary school children using dietary reference intakes in a cross-sectional survey.

Design: Participants were 10- to 11-year-old (5th grade) children from 19 public primary schools in four prefectures of East Japan, and 836 children were analyzed.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids.

The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple hepatic steatosis commonly associated with obesity, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent reports have indicated the crucial role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of NAFLD. In the present review, we demonstrated the influence of oral administration of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the gut microbiota, serum bile acid profile, and gene expression in the liver in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Association between parents' work hours and nutrient inadequacy in Japanese schoolchildren on weekdays and weekends.

Objectives: Evidence is sparse concerning whether the nutrient intake in schoolchildren differs according to parents' work hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' work hours and nutrient inadequacy among Japanese primary schoolchildren using dietary reference intakes on days with and without a school lunch.

Methods: Participants included 10- to 11-y-old children in grade 5 from 19 public primary schools in four prefectures of east Japan.

Household income is associated with food and nutrient intake in Japanese schoolchildren, especially on days without school lunch.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the association between household income and the intake of foods and nutrients by Japanese schoolchildren, and any differences between days with and without school lunch.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Children, with the support of their parents, kept dietary records with photographs for 4 d (2 d with school lunch and 2 d without).

Socioeconomic disparities in psychological distress in a nationally representative sample of Japanese adolescents: A time trend study.

Objective: Socioeconomic status as a determinant of mental health problems has received scant attention in Japan, which has long been considered an egalitarian society. This study examined the association between socioeconomic status and psychological distress and its trends over 6 years among Japanese adolescents.

Methods: We used data from a nationally representative sample of 9491 adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in three repeated cross-sectional surveys between 2007 and 2013.

Associations between Japanese schoolchildren's involvement in at-home meal preparation, their food intakes, and cooking skills.

Background/objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of Japanese schoolchildren's involvement in at-home meal preparation with food intake and cooking skill.

Subjects/methods: We included 1,207 fifth-grade children aged 10-11 years and one parent of each child. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on involvement in at-home meal preparation.