Schizophrenia in children, adults and older people with intellectual disability compared with the general population: a Swedish register study (IDcare).

Background: The knowledge about the prevalence of schizophrenia among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is sparse, particularly concerning the distribution in different age groups.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of diagnoses in the schizophrenia spectrum among people with ID compared with the general population (gPop).

Methods: This was an 8-year longitudinal register study.

IDcare - a longitudinal register study of pre-pandemic and pandemic health care utilization and diagnostic profiles among people with intellectual disabilities in southern Sweden.

The aim of the creation of this cohort was to investigate patterns of health and health care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall and in relation to specific diagnoses, among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared to the general population. People living in Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden, on 1st of January 2014 with at least one diagnosis of ID (ICD-10 codes F70-F79) or Down syndrome (DS; Q90), or support and/or services according to the LSS act comprised the ID cohort (n = 14 716). People living in the same family and/or household as a person in the ID cohort constituted the ID family cohort (n = 31 688), and those remaining comprised the general population cohort (gPop; n = 1 226 955).

Access to urban green spaces and use of social services and institutional long-term care among older people in Malmö, Sweden: a longitudinal register study.

Background: Finding ways to prolong independence in daily life among older people would be beneficial for both individuals and society. Urban green spaces have been found to improve health, but only a few studies have evaluated the association between urban green spaces and independence in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of urban green spaces on independence in daily life, using social services and support, mobility aids, and relocation to institutional long-term care as proxies, among community dwelling people 65 + years.

Discordance in Frailty Measures in Old Community Dwelling People with Multimorbidity - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Assessment of frailty is a key method to identify older people in need of holistic care. However, agreement between different frailty instrument varies. Thus, groups classified as frail by different instruments are not completely overlapping.

Predictors of specialist somatic healthcare utilization among older people with intellectual disability and their age-peers in the general population: a national register study.

Objectives: To compare somatic healthcare usage among older people with intellectual disabilities (ID) to that of their age-peers in the general population, taking into account health and demographic factors, and to identify predictors for somatic healthcare usage among older people with ID.

Participants: Equally sized cohorts, one with people with ID and one referent cohort, one-to-one-matched by sex and year of birth, were created. Each cohort comprised 7936 people aged 55+ years at the end of 2012.

Concordance between the Stockholm Workshop Scale and the International Consensus Criteria for grading the severity of neurosensory manifestations in hand-arm vibration syndrome in a Swedish clinical setting.

Objectives: Occupational exposure to vibration using hand-held tools may cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Correct diagnosis and grading of severity are crucial in protecting the individual's health and for workers' compensation claims. The International Consensus Criteria (ICC) has been suggested to replace the widely used Stockholm Workshop Scale (SWS).

Sociodemographic Variations in the Availability of Urban Green Spaces in an Older Swedish Population.

Urban green spaces (UGS) can have a positive impact on health and thereby potentially ease the strain on the health care system. However, the availability and benefits seem to vary between different sociodemographic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and availability to UGS among people aged 65 years or older.

Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Use of Formal Social Services in an Older Swedish Population.

Background: In Sweden, societal support for older people is the responsibility of the municipalities. However, due to Sweden's current aging-in-place policy for older people, there is a need to assess how the use of such services varies based on sociodemographic factors. The aim of this study was to describe the use of different forms of social services and institutional long-term care (ILTC) in an older population and to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic factors.

High in Utero Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Drinking Water and Birth Weight: A Cohort Study among Infants in Ronneby, Sweden.

In 2013, the drinking water for one-third of the households in Ronneby, Sweden, was found to be contaminated by perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS, >10,000 ng/L) from Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF). In utero PFAS exposure can influence birth weight, but little is known about the effects at very high levels. This study aimed to examine the association between in utero PFAS exposure and birth weight.

One-Year Changes in Activities of Daily Living, Usability, Falls and Concerns about Falling, and Self-Rated Health for Different Housing Adaptation Client Profiles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate one-year changes and differences in changes in activities of daily living (ADL), usability, a history of falls, concerns about falling, and self-rated health across five housing adaptation (HA) client profiles identified previously using a cluster analysis approach: older adults with low level of disability ( = 59); older adults with medium/high level of disability ( = 26); adults with low level of disability ( = 10); adults with high level of disability ( = 8); and older adults with medium level of disability including at least moderate cognitive impairment ( = 5). Comparisons between the five profiles include secondary analyses aggregating those with low level of disability and those with medium/high level of disability. Changes within the client profiles demonstrate a complex pattern of improvements and declines, depending on outcome, with no profile showing consistent improvement or decline across all outcomes.

Sex ratios at birth in Australia according to mother's country of birth: A national study of all 5 614 847 reported live births 1997-2016.

Objectives: Son preference and sex selective practices have resulted in a deficit of girls in several countries, primarily across Asia. Emerging evidence indicates that son preference survives migration to Western high-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess male-to-female (M/F) ratios at birth per mother's country of birth in Australia 1997-2016, in total and by parity, and by states/territories and over time.

Old Overnight: Experiences of Age-Based Recommendations in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden.

The Swedish response to the COVID-19 pandemic included age-based recommendations of voluntary quarantine specifically for those 70 years of age or older. This paper investigates the experiences of a sudden change of policy in the form of an age restriction that trumped the contemporary active aging ideal. A web-based qualitative survey was conducted in April 2020.

Health care utilisation among older people with Down syndrome compared to specific medical guidelines for health surveillance: a Swedish national register study.

Background: Specific medical guidelines for health surveillance exist for people with Down syndrome (DS) since 25 years but knowledge of adherence to the guidelines is lacking. The guidelines were developed to avoid unnecessary suffering from preventable conditions. The aims of the study were to investigate 1) planned health care visits in relation to the co-morbidities described in specific medical guidelines as a measure of adherence, 2) unplanned health care visits as a measure of potentially unmet health care needs and 3) gender differences in health care utilisation among older people with DS.

Cancer diagnoses among older people with intellectual disability compared with the general population: a national register study.

Background: Cancer occurrence among older people with intellectual disability (ID) is poorly documented, so we investigated the frequency and distribution of cancer in older people with ID compared with the general population.

Method: People with ID who were ≥55years old and alive at the end of 2012 (n = 7936; ID cohort) were identified through a national register of people with ID who received social services in Sweden to optimise the individual's opportunity for good living conditions in daily life. An equally large reference cohort from the general population (gPop cohort) was matched by year of birth and sex.

Neck and upper extremity pain in sonographers - a longitudinal study.

Background: Sonographers have reported a high occurrence of musculoskeletal pain for more than 25 years. Assessments of occupational risk factors have previously been based on cross-sectional surveys. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine which factors at baseline that were associated with neck/shoulder and elbow/hand pain at follow-up.

End-of-life care among older cancer patients with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population: a national register study.

Background: Increasing life expectancy for people with an intellectual disability (ID) is resulting in more persons with cancer and a greater need for end-of-life (EoL) care. There is a need for knowledge of health care utilisation over the last year of life to plan for resources that support a high quality of care for cancer patients with ID. Therefore, the aims of the study were to compare (1) health care utilisation during the last year of life among cancer patients with ID and cancer patients without ID and (2) the place of death in these two groups.

Specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with intellectual disability - predictors and comparisons with the general population: a national register study.

Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) face considerable barriers to accessing psychiatric health care, thus there is a risk for health disparity. The aims of the present study were 1) to compare specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with ID to that with their age peers in the general population, taking into account demographic factors and co-morbidities associated with specialist psychiatric health care utilization and 2) to determine a model for prediction of specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with ID.

Material And Methods: We identified a national cohort of people with ID (ID cohort), aged 55+ years and alive at the end of 2012 (n = 7936), and a referent cohort from the general population (gPop cohort) one-to-one matched by year of birth and sex.

Effects of applying a standardized assessment and evaluation protocol in housing adaptation implementation - results from a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Standardized, research-based strategies to guide the implementation and evaluate the effects of housing adaptations (HA) on client outcomes are rare. We hypothesized that, compared to ordinary practice, a standardized assessment and evaluation protocol for HA implementation would better maintain or improve client outcomes over 1 year.

Method: Using a cluster design, South Swedish municipalities were recruited to an intervention or control group.

Prescription of pain medication among older cancer patients with and without an intellectual disability: a national register study.

Background: The longevity for people with intellectual disability (ID) has significantly increased in developed countries during the past decades. Consequently, the incidence of cancer is expected to increase in this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prescription of pain medication in older cancer patients with intellectual disability (ID) compared to older patients in the general population, surviving or living with a cancer diagnosis.

Pharmacotherapy for mood and anxiety disorders in older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.

Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) have high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, but even higher rates of prescription of psychotropic drugs.

Methods: Using Swedish national registers, we identified a group of older people with ID and diagnosis of mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F32-F39) and/or anxiety (ICD-10 code F4) during 2006-2012 (n = 587) and a referent group of people from the general population with the same diagnoses during the same time period (n = 434). For both groups, we collected information on prescription of anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, and GABA-agonists.

Demographic and diagnostic profiles of older people with intellectual disability and prescription of antipsychotics.

Purpose: To describe demographic and diagnostic profiles in a national cohort of older people with intellectual disability (ID) who were prescribed antipsychotics.

Methods: Using national registers, we identified people with ID who were 55 + years in 2012 (n = 7936), as well as a subcohort with complete information on demographic factors (sex, year of birth, severity of ID, presence of behavior impairment, and residence in special housing; n = 1151). Data regarding diagnoses and prescription of antipsychotics were added for the time period 2006-2012.

Hospital readmissions among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.

Background: Older people with intellectual disability have high multimorbidity and poor physical and mental health compared with the general population. Consequently, they have a greater need for health care. Hospital readmissions may be an indicator of the quality of health care.

Falls resulting in health care among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.

Background: Falls are common among older people with intellectual disability (ID) and are also a major contributor to injuries in this population. Yet, fall characteristics have only been sparsely studied, and the results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate type of falls, places where they occurred and activities that caused them, as well as health outcomes and health utilisation patterns after falls, among older people with ID in comparison with their age peers in the general population.