Refined methodology for quantifying virulence using .

Larvae of (the greater wax moth) are being increasingly used as a model to study microbial pathogenesis. In this model, bacterial virulence is typically measured by determining the 50% lethal dose (LD) of a bacterial strain or mutant. The use of to study pathogenesis, however, is challenging because of the extreme sensitivity of larvae to this bacterium.

Penning micro-trap for quantum computing.

Trapped ions in radio-frequency traps are among the leading approaches for realizing quantum computers, because of high-fidelity quantum gates and long coherence times. However, the use of radio-frequencies presents several challenges to scaling, including requiring compatibility of chips with high voltages, managing power dissipation and restricting transport and placement of ions. Here we realize a micro-fabricated Penning ion trap that removes these restrictions by replacing the radio-frequency field with a 3 T magnetic field.

Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with features of both multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence have unexpectedly low virulence.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has been classified into two types, classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP).

Genome-wide screens reveal shared and strain-specific genes that facilitate enteric colonization by .

is a common cause of difficult-to-treat infections due to its propensity to express resistance to many antibiotics. For example, carbapenem-resistant has been named an urgent threat by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gastrointestinal colonization in patients with has been linked to subsequent infection, making it a key process to control in the prevention of multidrug-resistant infections.

Genome-wide screens reveal shared and strain-specific genes that facilitate enteric colonization by .

Unlabelled: Gastrointestinal (GI) colonization by is a risk factor for subsequent infection as well as transmission to other patients. Additionally, colonization is achieved by many strain types that exhibit high diversity in genetic content. Thus, we aimed to study strain-specific requirements for GI colonization by applying transposon insertion sequencing to three classical clinical strains: a carbapenem-resistant strain, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strain, and a non-epidemic antibiotic-susceptible strain.

Deterministic teleportation of a quantum gate between two logical qubits.

A quantum computer has the potential to efficiently solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. However, constructing a large-scale quantum processor is challenging because of the errors and noise that are inherent in real-world quantum systems. One approach to addressing this challenge is to utilize modularity-a strategy used frequently in nature and engineering to build complex systems robustly.

Deterministic Remote Entanglement of Superconducting Circuits through Microwave Two-Photon Transitions.

Large-scale quantum information processing networks will most probably require the entanglement of distant systems that do not interact directly. This can be done by performing entangling gates between standing information carriers, used as memories or local computational resources, and flying ones, acting as quantum buses. We report the deterministic entanglement of two remote transmon qubits by Raman stimulated emission and absorption of a traveling photon wave packet.

A CNOT gate between multiphoton qubits encoded in two cavities.

Entangling gates between qubits are a crucial component for performing algorithms in quantum computers. However, any quantum algorithm must ultimately operate on error-protected logical qubits encoded in high-dimensional systems. Typically, logical qubits are encoded in multiple two-level systems, but entangling gates operating on such qubits are highly complex and have not yet been demonstrated.

A Schrödinger cat living in two boxes.

Quantum superpositions of distinct coherent states in a single-mode harmonic oscillator, known as "cat states," have been an elegant demonstration of Schrödinger's famous cat paradox. Here, we realize a two-mode cat state of electromagnetic fields in two microwave cavities bridged by a superconducting artificial atom, which can also be viewed as an entangled pair of single-cavity cat states. We present full quantum state tomography of this complex cat state over a Hilbert space exceeding 100 dimensions via quantum nondemolition measurements of the joint photon number parity.

Measurement and control of quasiparticle dynamics in a superconducting qubit.

Superconducting circuits have attracted growing interest in recent years as a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. Extensive efforts have always been taken to completely shield these circuits from external magnetic fields to protect the integrity of the superconductivity. Here we show vortices can improve the performance of superconducting qubits by reducing the lifetimes of detrimental single-electron-like excitations known as quasiparticles.

High-speed discrimination and sorting of submicron particles using a microfluidic device.

The size- and fluorescence-based sorting of micro- and nanoscale particles suspended in fluid presents a significant and important challenge for both sample analysis and for manufacturing of nanoparticle-based products. Here, we demonstrate a disposable microfluidic particle sorter that enables high-throughput, on-demand counting and binary sorting of submicron particles and cells using either fluorescence or an electrically based determination of particle size. Size-based sorting uses a resistive pulse sensor integrated on-chip, whereas fluorescence-based discrimination is achieved using on-the-fly optical image capture and analysis.