The Implications of Atlantic Salmon ( L.) Fatty Acid Profiles for Their Thiamine Status.

Thiamine deficiency is an ongoing issue across the Northern Hemisphere, causing reproductive failure in multiple salmonid populations. In the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water system in northern Europe, previous research has suggested that this deficiency is associated with lipid-rich diets with a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). The mechanism proposed is that a diet abundant in highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, depletes thiamine as an antioxidant defense in adult salmonids, rather than allocating thiamine to the offspring.

Thiamin dynamics during the adult life cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Thiamin is an essential water-soluble B vitamin known for its wide range of metabolic functions and antioxidant properties. Over the past decades, reproductive failures induced by thiamin deficiency have been observed in several salmonid species worldwide, but it is unclear why this micronutrient deficiency arises. Few studies have compared thiamin concentrations in systems of salmonid populations with or without documented thiamin deficiency.

Characterization of a Novel Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) from Genogroup 6 Identified in Sea Trout () from Lake Vänern, Sweden.

In November 2016, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated from a broodstock female of landlocked sea trout () in Lake Vänern in Sweden. VP2 gene sequencing placed the IPNV isolate in genogroup 6, for which pathogenicity is largely unknown. Lake Vänern hosts landlocked sea trout and salmon populations that are endangered, and thus the introduction of new pathogens poses a major threat.

A requirement for Krüppel Like Factor-4 in the maintenance of endothelial cell quiescence.

Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent and critical for maintaining homeostatic functions of the mature vascular system, while disruption of quiescence is at the heart of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that KLF4 maintains the EC quiescence. In ECs, KLF4 bound to KLF2, and the KLF4-transctivation domain (TAD) interacted directly with KLF2.

The expanding roles of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1).

The nitric oxide synthases (NOS; EC 1.14.13.

Non-lethal sampling for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum by qPCR for diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease.

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically and there is no available cure or prophylaxis. The control of BKD requires continuous surveillance, which is challenging in aquaculture as well as in programs for conservation and restoration of salmonid fish strains. BKD is a notifiable disease in Sweden and is monitored through the mandatory health control program using a polyclonal ELISA for detection of the Rs p57 protein in kidney.

Assessing the presence and spread of Renibacterium salmoninarum between farmed and wild fish in Sweden.

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) can be a devastating bacterial infection in salmonids, and it is present in aquaculture throughout the world. BKD is caused by the Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum (R. salmoninarum) that is spread both horizontally and vertically.

A multi-biomarker study on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected by the emerging Red Skin Disease in the Baltic Sea.

For half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection.

Low-Level Nanog Expression in the Regulation of Quiescent Endothelium.

Objective: Nanog is expressed in adult endothelial cells (ECs) at a low-level, however, its functional significance is not known. The goal of our study was to elucidate the role of Nanog in adult ECs using a genetically engineered mouse model system. Approach and Results: Biochemical analyses showed that Nanog is expressed in both adult human and mouse tissues.

Emergence of a new rhabdovirus associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (Zoarces viviparous) in the Baltic Sea.

We report the first description of a new Rhabdoviridae tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (EpRV genus Perhabdovirus). This virus was associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (Zoarces viviparous, Linnaeus) along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast line in 2014. Diseased fish showed signs of central nervous system infection, and brain lesions were confirmed by histology.

Cryptosporidium infections in suckler herd beef calves.

A study was carried out to investigate how common Cryptosporidium infections are in beef calves in Swedish suckler herds and to explore which species and subtypes that occur. We further aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in this type of calf management. The study was conducted in two regions in Sweden and included 30 herds.

Cryptosporidium parvum infections in a cohort of veterinary students in Sweden.

In March 2013, a veterinary student tested positive for Cryptosporidium; four classmates reported similar gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to identify source(s) and risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in university persons symptomatic between 21 January and 14 April 2013. Sixty-four (79%) students from a cohort of 81 fourth-year veterinary students completed questionnaires, identifying 13 cases; four were Cryptosporidium parvum GP60 subtype IIaA16G1R1b, two were IIdA24G1, seven did not submit stool samples.

High applicability of a novel method for gp60-based subtyping of Cryptosporidium meleagridis.

Cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in avian hosts and the third most common species involved in human cryptosporidiosis. Sequencing of the highly polymorphic 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene is a frequently used tool for investigation of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium. However, few studies have included gp60 sequencing of C.

Cryptosporidium parvum IId family: clonal population and dispersal from Western Asia to other geographical regions.

In this study, 111 Cryptosporidium parvum IId isolates from several species of animals in China, Sweden, and Egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). One to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, forming 25 MLST subtypes. Host-adaptation and significant geographical segregation were both observed in the MLST subtypes.

Unusual cryptosporidiosis cases in Swedish patients: extended molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium viatorum and Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I.

Most human cases of cryptosporidiosis are caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium hominis, but the use of molecular diagnostic methods has revealed that several other less common species or genotypes can also be involved. Here, we describe two unusual causes of cryptosporidiosis, one being the recently described species Cryptosporidium viatorum and the other Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I. Two Swedish patients who were infected with C.

Vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse.

Background: Vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy (VSC) and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSC) both correct vault prolapse. The present study compares the perioperative course and long-term results of VSC and LSC.

Methods: This retrospective study of post-hysterectomy vault prolapse involved 111 patients operated with either VSC (n=51) or LSC (n=60).

Luteal blood flow and progesterone secretion in pseudopregnant rabbits.

Ovarian and luteal blood flow rates were measured, by means of radioactive microspheres, in anaesthetized rabbits on Day 8 of pseudopregnancy before and after lowering the ovarian perfusion pressure with a sling placed around the aorta. When blood pressure was lowered by 42% luteal flow decreased 9-fold whilst flow to the remaining part of the ovary remained unchanged, indicating the presence of an autoregulatory mechanism in the ovarian interstitial gland. Ovarian progesterone secretion, assessed from progesterone concentrations in ovarian venous blood, was positively correlated to the blood flow per unit of weight of luteal tissue.

Luteal blood flow and plasma steroids in rats with corpora lutea of different ages.

Ovarian and luteal blood flow rates were measured at different stages of luteal development in anaesthetized rats using 15 +/- 5 micron radioactive microspheres. Ovulations were induced by injection of 8 IU of PMSG at 28 days of age. Steroid concentrations in peripheral plasma were determined using radioimmunoassays.

Diaphragmatic blood flow at various levels of ventilation in the rabbit.

Diaphragmatic and renal blood flow were measured with Ytterbium-169 and Scandium 46 labelled 15 micron microspheres in sodium pentobarbitone anesthetized rabbits. The first measurement was performed during spontaneous breathing of air and the second measurement after 15 min of breathing 2-6% carbon dioxide in oxygen. The lung ventilation as well as the diaphragmatic blood flow increased significantly during breathing of the carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture.