Attitudes toward scale-up of an Intensive Combination Approach to Rollback the Epidemic in Nigerian adolescents (iCARE) intervention for youth in Nigeria: results of a mixed methods early-implementation study.

Background: Youth living with HIV (YLH) are disproportionately impacted by HIV with poor outcomes along the entire HIV care continuum. In a 2020-2022 pilot study, iCARE Nigeria, successfully tested a combination intervention incorporating mobile health technology and peer navigation to: 1) improve testing and linkage to HIV care for young men, especially young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and 2) improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes for YLH. The intervention was scaled up to 5 sites in 3 Nigerian cities.

Ocular and Adnexal Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women Attending HIV Clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus. It is transmitted through sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drugs, contaminated needle use, blood transfusion, and mother-to-child transmission. Of the patients with HIV, 50%-75% have ocular manifestations and this may be the primary presentation.

Challenges and Recommendations for Improving Cancer Research and Practice in Nigeria: .

Background: Cancers, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, constitute a leading public health problem in Nigeria. As the burden of cancer in Nigeria increases, research and quality service delivery remain critical strategies for improved cancer control across the continuum of care. This study contextualizes the challenges and gaps in oncology research and practice in Nigeria, and presents recommendations to address the gaps.

A Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized, Multisite Study of Text Messaging Plus Peer Navigation to Improve Adherence and Viral Suppression Among Youth on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: To address the need for improved virologic suppression among youth living with HIV (YLH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART), we evaluated peer navigation plus TXTXT daily text message ART reminders.

Setting: YLH aged 15-24 years on ART for at least 3 months at 6 research sites in 4 Nigerian cities.

Methods: Using a stepped-wedge design, cluster 1 was nonrandomized, whereas clusters 2 and 3 were randomized to sequences of routine care (control period) and 48 weeks of the combination intervention (intervention period).

Integration of Primary Preventive Care of Cardiovascular Disease in a Retroviral Clinic in an adult retroviral clinic in Ibadan: A retrospective study.

Background: A consequence of improved survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV) is an aging population with an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). International guidelines recommend primary preventive strategies which should be integrated into routine care of PLHIV.

Aims: This study audited the ASCVD preventive practices offered to PLHIV at the adult antiretroviral clinic in Ibadan.

APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background And Objective: A major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism which are frequently seen in HIV as well as its treatment. Apo-E is a protein that is important in plasma lipid homeostasis and its genetic alleles have been shown to contribute to lipid abnormalities. We examined for the effect of Apo-E gene polymorphisms on plasma lipid levels in PLHIV on protease inhibitor therapy.

Clinicopathological pattern of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 over-expression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in Nigeria.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients.

Objective: To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria.

Successful Implementation Strategies in iCARE Nigeria-A Pilot Intervention with Text Message Reminders and Peer Navigation for Youth Living with HIV.

To address poor outcomes among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYA-HIV), iCARE Nigeria successfully piloted two-way text message antiretroviral therapy (ART) reminders together with peer navigation. Study participants had significant improvement in ART adherence and viral suppression at 48 weeks. Understanding facto of this intervention.

Mixed methods implementation research to understand success of intensive combination approach to roll back the epidemic in Nigerian adolescents) (iCARE Nigeria) HIV testing uptake and linkage to care among young men focusing on young men who have sex with men in Ibadan.

Background: HIV seroprevalence in Nigeria is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 14% to 2007 to 23% in 2014, threatening progress towards ending the epidemic in the country. Expanding access to HIV testing and linkage to care for key populations, like young MSM (YMSM), is critical to end the HIV epidemic in Nigeria. The Intensive Combination Approach to Roll Back the Epidemic in Nigerian Adolescents (iCARE Nigeria) pilot intervention successfully implemented a combination of evidence-based interventions utilizing peer navigators and popular social media apps and platforms to reach young men at risk for HIV exposure, including YMSM.

Social/Sexual Networks of People Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Nigeria are ten times more likely to be living with HIV-1 than other young men. Due to stigma and criminalization of same-sex sexual behavior, YMSM sexual networks are likely to overlap with those of the general population, leading to a generalized HIV-1 epidemic. Due to limited research on social/sexual network dynamics related to HIV-1 in Nigeria, our study focused on YMSM and sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collecting social and sexual network data in Network Canvas from individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Ibadan, Nigeria.

A randomized stepped wedge trial of an intensive combination approach to roll back the HIV epidemic in Nigerian adolescents: iCARE Nigeria treatment support protocol.

Background: Nigeria is one of six countries with half the global burden of youth living with HIV. Interventions to date have been inadequate as AIDS-related deaths in Nigeria's youth have remained unchanged in recent years. The iCARE Nigeria HIV treatment support intervention, a combination of peer navigation and SMS text message medication reminders to promote viral suppression, demonstrated initial efficacy and feasibility in a pilot trial among youth living with HIV in Nigeria.

Cancer Genetic Services in a Low- to Middle-Income Country: Cross-Sectional Survey Assessing Willingness to Undergo and Pay for Germline Genetic Testing.

Purpose: Cancer genetic testing (CGT), a pathway to personalized medicine, is also being embraced in Nigeria. However, little is known about the influence of demographics and perceptions on individuals' willingness to access and pay for CGT. This study assessed patients' willingness to undergo CGT in southwest Nigeria as a catalyst for sustainable Cancer Risk Management Program.

The epidemiology of delayed HIV diagnosis in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is one of the major health burdens in Nigeria. Delayed HIV diagnosis remains a significant driver of HIV transmission. The risk factors of delayed HIV diagnosis have not been widely studied in Nigeria.

Oncology Training Needs Assessment Among Health Care Professionals in Nigeria.

Purpose: This study investigated the status of training and preparedness for oncology practice and research and degree of interprofessional collaboration among health care professionals in the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. Three hundred seventeen respondents completed a three-part, online questionnaire.

Evaluation of the iCARE Nigeria Pilot Intervention Using Social Media and Peer Navigation to Promote HIV Testing and Linkage to Care Among High-Risk Young Men: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Nigeria has the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally, yet high levels of social stigma inhibit HIV testing among Nigerian youths and young men who have sex with men (MSM).

Objective: To report pilot data from iCARE Nigeria (Intensive Combination Approach to Roll Back the Epidemic in Nigerian Adolescents), a combination intervention using social media and peer navigation to promote HIV testing and linkage to care among high-risk youths and young men (hereinafter referred to as young men), including predominantly young MSM.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized controlled study assessed an organizational and community-level 12-month, preintervention-postintervention pilot trial of a combination intervention designed to increase HIV testing uptake, increase the rate of identified seropositive cases, and improve linkage to care among young men, including MSM, using social media outreach and peer navigation.

Relationship between CD4 count, serum inflammatory cytokines, and oral melanotic hyperpigmentation in newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive patients: a nested case-control study.

Objective: Oral melanotic hyperpigmentation (OMH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been attributed to the use of antifungal or antiretroviral drugs, as well as HIV-induced cytokine dysregulation. This research aimed to determine the relationship between immunosuppression and cytokine dysregulation in newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive subjects with OMH.

Study Design: The study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive patients at the Infectious Disease Clinic, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Feasibility of genetic testing for cancer risk assessment programme in Nigeria.

Background: A high frequency of BRCA mutations has been established in Nigerian breast cancer (BC) patients. Recently, patients' and first-degree relatives' interest have been raised on cancer genetic risk assessment through our awareness activities in Nigeria. This led to the emergence of nurse-led cancer genetic counselling (CGC) and testing aimed at providing standard-of-care for individuals at increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.

Human papillomavirus-based cervical precancer screening with visual inspection with acetic acid triage to achieve same-day treatments among women living with human immunodeficiency virus infection: test-of-concept study in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: cervical precancer screening with same day treatment facilitates maximization of benefits of secondary prevention of cervical cancer. This is particularly important for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) infection because of their exceptional risk for cervical cancer. The availability of HIV programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide unique opportunity for possible introduction "human papillomavirus (HPV) screening followed by visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA) with same day treatment of eligible patients".

Age-specific burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV: A global analysis with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa.

HIV substantially worsens human papillomavirus (HPV) carcinogenicity and contributes to an important population excess of cervical cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We estimated HIV- and age-stratified cervical cancer burden at a country, regional and global level in 2020. Proportions of cervical cancer (a) diagnosed in women living with HIV (WLHIV), and (b) attributable to HIV, were calculated using age-specific estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS) and relative risk.

Adaptation of evidence-based approaches to promote HIV testing and treatment engagement among high-risk Nigerian youth.

Background: Nigeria has the second highest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) globally, and evidence-based approaches are needed to achieve national goals to identify, treat, and reduce new infections. Youth between the ages of 15-24, including young men who have sex with men (YMSM), are disproportionately impacted by the Nigerian HIV epidemic. The purpose of this study was to inform adaptation of evidence-based peer navigation and mHealth approaches (social media outreach to promote HIV testing; short messaging service text message reminders to promote HIV treatment engagement) to the local context within iCARE Nigeria, a multi-phase study designed to investigate combination interventions to promote HIV testing and care engagement among youth in Nigeria.

Effect of Text Messaging Plus Peer Navigation on Viral Suppression Among Youth With HIV in the iCARE Nigeria Pilot Study.

Background: Consistent with the global trend, youth with HIV (YWH) in Nigeria have high rates of viral nonsuppression. Hence, novel interventions are needed.

Setting: Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Demography of remarriage and fertility desire among women receiving antiretroviral therapy in South West Nigeria.

In view of sociocultural norms surrounding marriage and childbearing in South West Nigeria, fertility desire may be stronger among remarried women living with HIV. This article describes the characteristics of remarriage and its relationship to fertility desire. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive women aged 18-49 years at the Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) clinic, College of Medicine/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between November and December 2015.

Semi-parametric model for timing of first childbirth after HIV diagnosis among women of childbearing age in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: HIV diagnosis is a watershed in women's childbearing experience. It is usually accompanied by the fear of death and stigmatisation. Women diagnosed of HIV are often sceptical about pregnancy.