Developing a Machine Learning-Based Automated Patient Engagement Estimator for Telehealth: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

Background: Patient engagement is a critical but challenging public health priority in behavioral health care. During telehealth sessions, health care providers need to rely predominantly on verbal strategies rather than typical nonverbal cues to effectively engage patients. Hence, the typical patient engagement behaviors are now different, and health care provider training on telehealth patient engagement is unavailable or quite limited.

Minimal data poisoning attack in federated learning for medical image classification: An attacker perspective.

The privacy-sensitive nature of medical image data is often bounded by strict data sharing regulations that necessitate the need for novel modeling and analysis techniques. Federated learning (FL) enables multiple medical institutions to collectively train a deep neural network without sharing sensitive patient information. In addition, FL uses its collaborative approach to address challenges related to the scarcity and non-uniform distribution of heterogeneous medical domain data.

Evaluation of Crestal Bone Loss after Placement of Bone Graft around the Oral Implant with/without Platelet-rich Plasma.

Aim: The current investigation aimed to evaluate the crestal bone loss after placement of bone graft around the oral implant with/without platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Materials And Methods: Forty patients seeking for crown supported by dental implants to replace at least one lost tooth were included in the present study. The participants were divided into two groups at random ( = 20): Group I: Received tricalcium phosphate (TCP) along with PRP and group II: Received TCP without PRP.

ViT-HHO: Optimized vision transformer for diabetic retinopathy detection using Harris Hawk optimization.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of vision impairment globally, emphasizing the importance of timely and precise detection to prevent severe consequences. This study presents an optimized Vision Transformer (ViT) model that incorporates Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) to improve the automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The ViT architecture utilizes self-attention mechanisms to capture local and global features in retinal images.

Demystifying the effect of receptive field size in U-Net models for medical image segmentation.

Purpose: Medical image segmentation is a critical task in healthcare applications, and U-Nets have demonstrated promising results in this domain. We delve into the understudied aspect of receptive field (RF) size and its impact on the U-Net and attention U-Net architectures used for medical imaging segmentation.

Approach: We explore several critical elements including the relationship among RF size, characteristics of the region of interest, and model performance, as well as the balance between RF size and computational costs for U-Net and attention U-Net methods for different datasets.

Exploring the use of POLY4 for the improvement of productivity, peanut quality, and soil properties in Southern India.

Polyhalite-based POLY4, a multi-nutrient source containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur, is increasingly recognised for its potential to improve crop yields and soil health in agricultural systems. It is also been considered as a feasible approach for addressing the deficiency in potassium, calcium, and sulphur within a single application source. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of polyhalite-based POLY4 application, either as a complete or partial substitute for traditional potassium fertiliser and gypsum supplement, on the improvement of peanut () growth and soil quality.

Comparative Evaluation of Pain Perception with Conventional and Septoject XL Needle in 6-8-year-old Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aims And Background: To evaluate and compare pain perception with Septoject XL and conventional needles in 6-8 years old children.

Materials And Methods: In this split-mouth randomized controlled trial, a single-blinded study, 24 children (6-8 years) were assigned at random to receive the local anesthetic (LA) injection for treatment needs either with Septoject XL or conventional needle for the first visit in one of the quadrants, while during the second visit in a different quadrant with the other one. Children's pain levels were assessed during each visit using an objective sound eye motor (SEM) scale and subjective Wong-Baker faces rating scale (FRS).

Inhibition of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor/Insulin Receptor Signaling by Small-Molecule Inhibitor BMS-754807 Leads to Improved Survival in Experimental Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin axes are upregulated in obesity and obesity-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is a contemporary nanotechnology-based paclitaxel (PT) bound to human albumin, ensuring its solubility in water rather than a toxic solvent. Here, we examined the benefits of inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor (IGF-1/IR) signaling and the enhancement of nab-paclitaxel effects by inclusion of the small-molecule inhibitor BMS-754807 using both in vitro and in vivo models of EAC.

Telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, enhances antitumor efficacy of standard chemotherapy in preclinical cholangiocarcinoma models.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive biliary tract cancer, carries a grim prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 5%-15%. Standard chemotherapy regimens for CCA, gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis) or its recently approved combination with durvalumab demonstrate dismal clinical activity, yielding a median survival of 12-14 months. Increased serotonin accumulation and secretion have been implicated in the oncogenic activity of CCA.

Unusual presentation in a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are neoplasms derived from T cells and B cells and their precursors in the lymphoid system with higher susceptibility in involvement of extra-nodal sites. Predominant ureteric involvement is an unusual presentation. We present a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of ureter who had symptoms of urinary tract infection in absence of positive urine culture, non-responsive to broad spectrum antibiotics and masquerading pyogenic infection leading to pyelonephritis with ureteritis.

Automatic Segmentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms from Time-Resolved 3D Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are rupture-prone dilatations of the aorta. In current clinical practice, the maximal diameter of AAAs is monitored with 2D ultrasound to estimate their rupture risk. Recent studies have shown that 3-dimensional and mechanical AAA parameters might be better predictors for aneurysm growth and rupture than the diameter.

A comprehensive review on efficient artificial intelligence models for classification of abnormal cardiac rhythms using electrocardiograms.

Deep learning has made many advances in data classification using electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms. Over the past decade, data science research has focused on developing artificial intelligence (AI) based models that can analyze ECG waveforms to identify and classify abnormal cardiac rhythms accurately. However, the primary drawback of the current AI models is that most of these models are heavy, computationally intensive, and inefficient in terms of cost for real-time implementation.

Spin-Flip via Subtle Electronic Perturbation in Axially Ligated Diiron(III) Porphyrin Dimer.

Spin state switching in the metal center is a crucial phenomenon in many enzymatic reactions in biology. The spin state alteration, a critical step in cytochrome P450 catalysis, is driven most likely through a weak perturbation upon substrate binding in the enzyme, which is still not well clarified. In the current work, the spin state transition of iron(III) from high to intermediate via an admixed state is observed upon a subtle electronic perturbation to the sulphonate moieties coordinated axially to a diiron(III)porphyrin dimer.

Evaluation of Diagnostic Efficacy of Novel Red Blood Cell Parameters as Potential Screening Test for Detecting Latent Iron Deficiency in Blood Donors.

Unlabelled: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) forms a major share of global burden of anemia. Frequent blood donation is a common iatrogenic cause of iron insufficiency in healthy adults. Serum iron and hemoglobin levels are normal despite low serum ferritin levels, referred to as latent iron deficiency (LID).

Implications of irregular shelterwood system on regeneration and species diversity of Sal ( Gaertn. f.) forest in Nepal.

Silvicultural systems are essential for effective forest management and utilize the resources by conserving biodiversity, health, and valuable services forests offer to society. However, Nepal faces a significant knowledge gap due to the limited data on the effect of silvicultural systems and forest management practices on tree diversity and regeneration. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of canopy opening on natural regeneration and species diversity of Sal ( Gaertn.

Optimizing polyhalite (POLY-4) use in the maize-wheat system: A comparative case study from upper and Trans Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

Increasing complexity in crop nutrient requirement in intensive crop production systems needs alternate multi-nutrient sources. Polyhalite (POLY-4) which contains 14% KO along withcalcium (17% CaO), magnesium (6% MgO), and sulfur (19% S) can be a possible recourse in this regard. In maize-wheat systems, it was evaluated for productivity, profitability, nutrient usage, and nutrient use efficiency under Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) zones for consecutive two years (2018-19 and 2019-20).

Targeting KRAS for the potential treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Recent advancements provide hope (Review).

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog () is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in solid tumors. More than 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are driven by mutations in the gene, suggesting the importance of targeting this oncogene in PDAC. Initial efforts to target KRAS have been unsuccessful due to its small size, high affinity for guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate, and lack of distinct drug‑binding pockets.

Factors affecting pregnancy registration in India: does the pregnancy intention matter?

Background: Pregnancy registration is one of the most critical components of women's reproductive health because it is the gateway to entering the continuum of care services such as antenatal care, institutional delivery, and postnatal care. There is a lack of studies exploring the relationship between pregnancy intention and pregnancy registration, especially in the Indian context.

Method: This study used the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) data to explore the relationship between birth intention and failure of pregnancy registration.

Analysis of Potential Non-Canonical or Alternate STAT5 Functions in Immune Development and Growth.

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins play key roles in development, growth, and homeostasis. These roles have principally been assigned to their "canonical" function as inducible transcriptional activators acting downstream of cytokines and other factors. However, variant "non-canonical" functions have also been identified.

Evaluation of Root Dentin Damage during Retreatment Procedure using Various Engine-Driven Retreatment File Systems-A Micro-CT Study.

Aim: The aim of this research was to assess the damage to root dentin that arises from retreatment with different engine-driven NiTi retreatment files employing micro-computed tomography.

Materials And Methods: Sixty mandibular premolar teeth having a single root and root canal that were recently extracted were gathered and stored. The specimens were de-coronated at the cementoenamel junction under water irrigation to achieve a homogeneous root length of 16 millimeters.

Comparing the Efficacy of Postoperative Antibiotic Regimens in the Treatment of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Prospective Study.

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of a 3 day postoperative course and a single perioperative dose of antibiotics on the incidence of postoperative infection in the management of maxillofacial trauma patients.

Materials And Methods: About 183 maxillofacial trauma patients requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) under general anesthesia were divided based on the type of fracture sustained, i.e.

Nab-Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers-Improvements in Clinical Efficacy and Safety.

Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are one of the most useful classes of anticancer drugs. Taxanes are highly hydrophobic; therefore, these drugs must be dissolved in organic solvents (polysorbate or Cremophor EL), which contribute to their toxicities. To reduce this toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, novel formulations have been developed.

Sequential Shifting in T-helper and T-cytotoxic Subset Cell Population in Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients Infected With Variant B.1.61.

Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) modulates antiviral immunity via T cells, but whether these cells are active or abundant in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the temporal shifting in the T-cell population and their subsets, T-Helper (Th) cell (CD4) and T-Cytotoxic (Tc) cell (CD8) in COVID-19 patients.

Method: Thirty confirmed COVID-19 patients (nasal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed) were enrolled.