Analytical method validation, dissipation and safety evaluation of combination fungicides fenamidone + mancozeb and iprovalicarb + propineb in/on tomato.

Dissipation behavior and degradation kinetics of fenamidone + mancozeb (Sectin 60 WG) and iprovalicarb + propineb (Melody Duo 66.75 WP) in tomato were studied at recommended dose (RD) and double dose (DD) of application. The analysis of the field samples were carried out by employing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for fenamidone and iprovalicarb residues and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for mancozeb and propineb residues after thorough validation of the extraction methods.

Global Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in Vegetable Crops.

The presence of phytoplasmas and their associated diseases is an emerging threat to vegetable production which leads to severe yield losses worldwide. Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited pleomorphic bacteria lacking the cell wall, mainly transmitted through leafhoppers but also by plant propagation materials and seeds. Phytoplasma diseases of vegetable crops are characterized by symptoms such as little leaves, phyllody, flower virescence, big buds, and witches' brooms.

Influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on the functional diversity of microbial communities in the vegetable cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on the functional diversity of soil microbial community under a vegetable production system. The Biolog Eco-plate technique and indices, such as average well-colour development (AWCD), McIntosh and Shannon diversity were employed to study the diversity of soil microorganisms. The AWCD, i.

Beneficial cyanobacteria and eubacteria synergistically enhance bioavailability of soil nutrients and yield of okra.

Microorganisms in the rhizosphere mediate the cycling of nutrients, their enhanced mobilisation and facilitate their uptake, leading to increased root growth, biomass and yield of plants. We examined the promise of beneficial cyanobacteria and eubacteria as microbial inoculants, applied singly or in combination as consortia or biofilms, to improve growth and yields of okra. Interrelationships among the microbial activities and the micro/macro nutrient dynamics in soils and okra yield characteristics were assessed along with the changes in the soil microbiome.