New Benzofuran-Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Promising Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, DNA Gyrase B Inhibition, and In Silico Studies.

Background/objectives: The alarming rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. This study aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate new benzofuran-pyrazole-based compounds for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods: New benzofuran-pyrazole hybrid molecules were synthesized using the Vilsmeier-Haach reaction and other chemical processes.

Optimized scleroglucan production by Athelia rolfsii and in vitro Sclg-5-fluorouracil release investigations.

Scleroglucan is a notable member of the β-glucan microbial polysaccharides with a long tradition of industrial and therapeutic use. The local strain, previously identified as Athelia rolfsii TEMG MH 236106 produced an appreciable amount of scleroglucan using glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. Plackett-Burman design was employed to effectively screen critical medium composition, culture, and fermentation conditions.

Place and the Structuring of Cross-Sector Partnerships: The Moral and Material Conflicts Over Healthcare and Homelessness.

Local places, such as communities, cities, and towns, host many cross-cross sector partnerships, many geared primarily toward alleviating local social and environmental issues. Yet, existing literatures focus predominantly on largescale systemic impact and global challenges such as climate change, paying scant attention to the role of local, geographically bounded dynamics in shaping these partnerships. In this article, I conceptualize places as geographic locations imbued with specific meaning systems and material resources to unpack how local embeddedness shape the structure of cross-sector partnerships.

Personality dysfunction in opiate addicts on opioid substitution treatment and the risk of HCV infection.

Background: Impulsivity, affective instability, and neglect of oneself and other people's safety as symptoms of personality dysfunction are associated with risky behaviors regarding the transmission of infectious diseases either sexually or by intravenous drug abuse.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and personality dysfunction in opiate addicts on opioid substitution treatment.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational investigation of patients over 18 years of age who were actively participating in opioid substitution treatment at five centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Synthesis, Docking, Computational Studies, and Antimicrobial Evaluations of New Dipeptide Derivatives Based on Nicotinoylglycylglycine Hydrazide.

Within a series of dipeptide derivatives (-), compound was refluxed with d-glucose, d-xylose, acetylacetone, diethylmalonate, carbon disulfide, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ethyl acetoacetate which yielded -, respectively. The candidates - were characterized and their biological activities were evaluated where they showed different anti-microbial inhibitory activities based on the type of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, to understand modes of binding, molecular docking was used of Nicotinoylglycine derivatives with the active site of the penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) and sterol 14-alpha demethylase's (CYP51), and the results, which were achieved via covalent and non-covalent docking, were harmonized with the biological activity results.

Structural, physical characteristics and biological activities assessment of scleroglucan from a local strain Athelia rolfsii TEMG.

Athelia rolfsii TEMG (MH 236106) an exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing fungal strain was isolated and identified. Extraction, purification, characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral and antitumor activities of the polysaccharide were investigated. It characterized as a homopolysaccharide of glucose with a molecular weight of 345.

Unimproved water sources and open defecation are associated with active trachoma in children in internally displaced persons camps in the Darfur States of Sudan.

Purpose: To estimate the proportion of children with trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and adults with trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in the Darfur States of Sudan and to evaluate associated risk factors.

Methods: IDP camps were identified from government census data. We conducted a subanalysis of data collected in these camps during 2014-2015 as part of surveys covering 37 districts of the Darfur States within the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.

Production of pectin lyase from agricultural wastes by isolated marine RSW_SEP1 as dye wool fiber.

Enzyme technology is considered one of the most promising tools in the field of biotechnology as applied biocatalysts The marine fungal strain RSW_SEP1 isolated from red sea water at Sharm El-Shiekh province and identified by 18S rRNA gene (accession number MH754656). The strain was able to produce pectin lyase from different agricultural wastes as the cheapest and most economical carbon source. The maximal enzyme activity of 88.

Nectar secretion dynamics of : A melliferous species of dry land ecosystems.

Nectar is used as raw material for the production of honey and as significant reward in the relationship between bees and plants during pollination. Therefore, it is important to investigate its abundance, dynamics and associated governing factors. Weather conditions are known to influence nectar production, and predicted climate changes may be responsible for future declining in total yield from beekeeping activities.

The Synthesis of Molecular Docking Studies, In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Novel Dipeptide Derivatives Based on N-(2-(2-Hydrazinyl-2-oxoethylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-nicotinamide.

A series of linear dipeptide derivatives (-) were prepared and evaluated as antimicrobial agents via the synthesis of -(2-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethylamino)-2-oxoethyl) nicotinamide (). Compound was reacted with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, to give the hydrazones and , respectively. On the other hand, Compound was coupled with phenylisocyanate or methylisothiocyanate to give Compounds and , respectively.

Osmotic concentration in three races of honey bee, L. under environmental conditions of arid zone.

Hemolymph osmolarity has great effect on honey bee health, especially in arid and semi-arid zones. It regulates water and nutrients in stressed tissues. Osmotic concentration in three races (, and ) of was tested in central Saudi Arabia during spring and summer seasons in 2015.

Possible correlation between levansucrase production and probiotic activity of Bacillus sp. isolated from honey and honey bee.

Five bacterial isolates from honey and bee gut were selected based on their high levansucrase activity and levan yield which were strongly positively correlated. All isolates showed good tolerance to temperature up to 70 °C, to NaCl up to 3 M and to 0.1% HO.

The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Darfur States and Khartoum State, Sudan: Results of 32 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys.

Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map of Sudan by estimating the prevalence of trachoma and associated risk factors in the five Darfur States and Khartoum State.

Methods: Using a standardized methodology developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, we undertook a cross sectional, community-based survey in each of 32 evaluation units (EUs) covering all accessible districts.

Results: We enumerated a total of 84,568 individuals, with 73,489 people (86.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a New Series of Heterocyclic Systems Bearing a Benzosuberone Scaffold.

A series of novel benzosuberone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobial agents by using substituted benzosuberone derivatives 1a,b as starting materials. Treatment of 1a,b with phenyl isothiocyanate in dimethylformamide was followed by treatment with cold HCl solution to afford the thioamides 4a,b, which was reacted with methyl iodide to obtain methylated products 5a,b. Cyclocondensation of 4a,b with chloroacetone 6 and phenacyl chloride 7 gave the corresponding thiophene derivatives 9a-c.

A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi.

This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. Fifteen strains were isolated from Malaysian soil samples. The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer.

Partial purification and characterization of extracellular protease from a halophilic and thermotolerant strain Streptomyces pseudogrisiolus NRC-15.

An alkaline protease was purified from a halophilic and thermotolerant potent alkaline protease-producing strain Streptomyces pseudogrisiolus NRC-15 using ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 77.24-folds with a yield of 91.

Spreading of gambling games among the secondary school students in the municipalities of Zenica and Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim: To analyze the problem of gambling games distribution among the students.

Methods: The research was done on a sample of 2370 students of secondary schools in the municipalities of Zenica and Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey research method and theoretical and comparative methods were applied.

Psychical and psychological characteristics of patients with nonepileptic seizures.

Aim: To explore psychic and psychological characteristics of patients suffering from non- epileptic seizures and compare them with the patients suffering from epilepsy.

Methods: Using medical documentation 40 patients with non epileptic seizures were compared with 40 randomly selected epilepsy patients according to psychiatric and psychological report, and using psychotropic medications.

Results: Both psychiatric and psychological reports have shown that pathologic changes were more frequently found within the epilepsy group (n = 20 and n=7, respectively) than in non-epileptic fits group (n= 18 and n=4, respectively).

The prevalence of blinding trachoma in northern states of Sudan.

Background: Despite historical evidence of blinding trachoma, there have been no widespread contemporary surveys of trachoma prevalence in the northern states of Sudan. We aimed to conduct district-level surveys in this vast region in order to map the extent of the problem and estimate the need for trachoma control interventions to eliminate blinding trachoma.

Methods And Findings: Separate, population based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 88 localities (districts) in 12 northern states of Sudan between 2006 and 2010.