Nerve conduction, latency, and its association with hand function in young men.

Introduction: The median and ulnar nerves have been suggested to play a significant role in hand function; however, there are insufficient data to determine the strength of this association. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between hand function as measured with the Grooved pegboard test (GPT) and conduction velocity and latency of the median and ulnar nerves.

Methods: We collected convenience samples in the College of Medicine, KSAU-HS.

The association between a rotator cuff tendon tear and a tear of the long head of the biceps tendon: Chart review study.

Rotator cuff (RC) and long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tears are common shoulder problems presented to the orthopedic clinic. The aim of this study was to assess the association between RC and LHBT tears among a Saudi population sample. A total of 243 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder pain due to RC or LHBT tear between 2016 and 2018 using a magnetic resonance imaging scan were included in this study.

HbA1c and risk factors' prevalence in patients with stroke: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and different types of stroke, and how different comorbidities and risk factors are related to the occurrence of stroke in a Saudi Arabian tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included patients who experienced either hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ischemic stroke (IS), or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between 2015 and 2020.

Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Disease Severity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Several factors, including sex, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, and age of onset, have been identified as predictors of disease severity. This study investigated the association between the aforementioned factors and MS severity, measured by the number of hospital visits and admissions, length of stay, and frequency of methylprednisolone use.

Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension Are Associated With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Incidence: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction Stroke places a huge burden on the socioeconomic systems. Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is the second most common type of stroke and the second leading cause of disability and death. The updated data on the prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke and related physiological risk factors in Saudi Arabia were limited.

The Relation Between Body Mass Index and Musculoskeletal Injury.

Background The nature and extent of the relation between body mass index (BMI) score and the risk of Musculoskeletal (MSK) injury are still unclear, with few studies investigating. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the association between BMI scores and MSK injury and to see if the site of MSK injury is affected by a specific BMI score. In addition, the risk of MSK injuries was compared among different adult age groups.

Hand Grip Strength as an Index of Health Does Not Associate With Insomnia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Insomnia is one of the most prevalent diseases globally, with many adults around the world suffering from at least one of its symptoms. It has a significant effect on the body's normal physiology and may lead to the development of chronic diseases that impair the main functional domains of health and cognition if left untreated. Handgrip strength (HGS) has previously been linked to several diseases that occur in tandem with insomnia.

The Influence of Diet, Water Intake, Exercise, Education Level, and Income on the Quality of Sleep in the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Sleep quality is known to affect and be affected by multiple factors in one's life through physiological and psychological manners. The study aimed to assess the influence of diet, water intake, exercise, level of education, and income on the quality of sleep of the Saudi population.

Materials And Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design that used a validated standardized fact-based questionnaire developed based on the Insomnia Severity Index.

Treatment with electrical stimulation of sensory nerves improves motor function and disability status in persons with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study.

Declines in motor function are closely associated with decreases in sensory function in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of our study was to assess the changes in motor function and disability status elicited by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to limb muscles of individuals with MS. Fifteen persons with MS and 11 age-matched healthy controls were evaluated before and after receiving 9 treatment sessions during which TENS was applied over the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles of each leg, and over the median nerve and the thenar eminence of each hand.

Distinguishing between Fatigue and Fatigability in Multiple Sclerosis.

Fatigue is one of the most common debilitating symptoms reported by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). It reflects feelings of tiredness, lack of energy, low motivation, and difficulty in concentrating. It can be measured at a specific instant in time as a perception that arises from interoceptive networks involved in the regulation of homeostasis.

Force control during submaximal isometric contractions is associated with walking performance in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience progressive declines in movement capabilities, especially walking performance. The purpose of our study was to compare the amount of variance in walking performance that could be explained by the functional capabilities of lower leg muscles in persons with MS and a sex- and age-matched control group. Participants performed two walking tests (6-min walk and 25-ft walk), strength tests for the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles, and steady submaximal (10% and 20% maximum) isometric contractions.

Sensory nerve stimulation causes an immediate improvement in motor function of persons with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms reported in the first year of the disease include sensory impairment, fatigue, reduced mobility, and declines in hand function. The progressive reduction in motor function experienced by persons living with MS is invariably preceded by changes in sensory processing, which are strongly associated with the declines in both walking performance and manual dexterity.

Aims: To assess the influence of concurrent sensory stimulation using augmented transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (aTENS) applied to leg and hand muscles on clinical tests of motor function in individuals whose mobility was compromised by MS.

Electrical nerve stimulation modulates motor unit activity in contralateral biceps brachii during steady isometric contractions.

The purpose of our study was to compare the influence of five types of electrical nerve stimulation delivered through electrodes placed over the right biceps brachii on motor unit activity in the left biceps brachii during an ongoing steady isometric contraction. The electrical stimulation protocols comprised different combinations of pulse duration (0.2 and 1.

Motor unit activity, force steadiness, and perceived fatigability are correlated with mobility in older adults.

The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between the performance of older adults on four tests of mobility and the physical capabilities of the lower leg muscles. The assessments included measures of muscle strength, muscle activation, and perceived fatigability. Muscle activation was quantified as the force fluctuations-a measure of force steadiness-and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions.

Peg-manipulation capabilities of middle-aged adults have a greater influence on pegboard times than those of young and old adults.

Declines in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved pegboard test. The test requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs, one at a time, by removing them from a well and inserting them into a prescribed hole. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return.

Motor unit discharge characteristics and walking performance of individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Walking performance of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly influenced by the activation signals received by lower leg muscles. We examined the associations between force steadiness and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions with tests of walking performance and disability status in individuals who self-reported walking difficulties due to MS. We expected that worse walking performance would be associated with weaker plantar flexor muscles, worse force steadiness, and slower motor unit discharge times.

Manipulation of sensory input can improve stretching outcomes.

The primary purpose of our study was to assess the influence of modulating sensory input with either transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or self-massage with therapy balls on the maximal range of motion (ROM) about the ankle joint when stretching the calf muscles. We also investigated the influence of these two conditions on the force capacity and force control of plantar flexor muscles. Twenty healthy adults (25 ± 3 yr) performed three sessions of ankle plantar flexor stretching (three stretches of 30 s each): stretching alone (SS), stretching with concurrent TENS (TENS), and stretching after self-massage using therapy balls (SM).

Peg-manipulation capabilities during a test of manual dexterity differ for persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.

Manual dexterity declines with advancing age and the development of neurological disorders. Changes in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved pegboard test, which requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return.

A framework for identifying the adaptations responsible for differences in pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults.

Time to complete two tests of manual dexterity, the 9-hole Peg Test and Grooved Pegboard Test, increases with advancing age. However, the adaptations responsible for the differences in pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults are largely unknown. Potential mechanisms include neuromuscular characteristics, cognitive function, and cutaneous sensation.

Control of force during rapid visuomotor force-matching tasks can be described by discrete time PID control algorithms.

Force trajectories during isometric force-matching tasks involving isometric contractions vary substantially across individuals. In this study, we investigated if this variability can be explained by discrete time proportional, integral, derivative (PID) control algorithms with varying model parameters. To this end, we analyzed the pinch force trajectories of 24 subjects performing two rapid force-matching tasks with visual feedback.

Force steadiness as a predictor of time to complete a pegboard test of dexterity in young men and women.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the capacity of an expanded set of force steadiness tasks to explain the variance in the time it takes young men and women to complete the grooved pegboard test. In a single experimental session, 30 participants (mean ± SD) (24.2 ± 4.

Modulation of motor unit activity in biceps brachii by neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the contralateral arm.

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) current intensity and pulse width applied to the right elbow flexors on the discharge characteristics of motor units in the left biceps brachii. Three NMES current intensities were applied for 5 s with either narrow (0.2 ms) or wide (1 ms) stimulus pulses: one at 80% of motor threshold and two that evoked contractions at either ∼10% or ∼20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force.

Silent damage of noise on cochlear afferent innervation in guinea pigs and the impact on temporal processing.

Noise-exposure at levels low enough to avoid a permanent threshold shift has been found to cause a massive, delayed degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in mouse cochleae. Damage to the afferent innervation was initiated by a loss of synaptic ribbons, which is largely irreversible in mice. A similar delayed loss of SGNs has been found in guinea pig cochleae, but at a reduced level, suggesting a cross-species difference in SGN sensitivity to noise.