HIV testing of individuals presenting to outpatient medical clinics has generally been based upon a selection system, with testing limited to those having signs or symptoms previously found associated with HIV-1 infection among hospitalized patients. However, little is known about the efficacy of this approach, particularly in Africa. Among patients presenting to a large outpatient infectious disease clinic in Dakar, Senegal, the utility of using specific demographic and behavioral characteristics and individual presenting complaints to identify individuals with previously undiagnosed HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection was examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 can occur in locales where these viruses co-circulate, most commonly in West Africa. Although dual seropositivity is common in this region, the true rate of dual infection remains unclear. In addition, whether unique HIV-1 subtypes are circulating in dually infected individuals is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo assess the risk of prevalent high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or invasive cervical cancer (ICC) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, HIV-2, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, HIV load, and CD4 cell count, we studied 4119 women attending an outpatient clinic in Senegal. HIV infection was associated with increased rates of cervical infection with high-risk HPVs. Among women infected with high-risk HPVs, those with HIV-1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 infection is characterized by slower disease progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than results from HIV-1 infection. To better understand the biological factors underlying the different natural histories of infection with these 2 retroviruses, we examined the relationship between HIV RNA and DNA levels and the rate of CD4(+) T cell decline among 472 HIV-1- and 114 HIV-2-infected individuals from Senegal. The annual rate of CD4(+) T cell decline in the HIV-2 cohort was approximately one-fourth that seen in the HIV-1 cohort.
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