[New transplantable brain gliomas in rats].

The paper provides the characteristics of 11 original transplanted rat brain gliomas that are part of the collection of experimental tumors of the nervous system, which has been developed at the Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The biological features of brain tumour strains, methods of their transplantation and cryoconservation are outlined in the paper.

[Comparative characteristics of deficiency and excess of the same trace element (as exemplified by nickel)].

General rules of biological effects of essential trace elements in human and animal body are discussed as illustrated by nickel model. Their action depends on the dose and duration of exposition. 5 levels of their action depending on the elements concentration in the body are distinguished.

[New data on the epidemiology and morphology of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis].

Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VEM) appears to be endemic disease, affecting native population in Yakutia (Yakut, Even, Evenk). The infectious nature of VEM is very likely, but not yet established with certainty. The mortality rate caused by VEM from 1950 to 1990 was 17.

[New information on the histopathology of Vilyui encephalomyelitis: possible role of copper deficiency].

The nature of a pathological process in the central nervous system in Vilyui encephalomyelitis defines it as a specific entity of demyelinative encephalomyelitis with a drastic prevalence of an alternative component. The bulk of the nerve parenchyma dies from circulatory incompetence due to blood vascular diseases, which are typical of the disease, as a peculiar angiopathy and progressive reduction in the microcirculatory bed. Homeostatic disorders in the myelinic membranes of central nervous fibers were found to be of value.

[Biological bases of neuro-oncology].

The paper discusses the current status of the problem in brain tumor biotherapy. It provides strong evidence for potentialities of hormonal therapy and presents current experimental findings of the application of other brain tumor biotherapies: immune (vector and adaptive), genic and differential.

[Pathology of experimental hypocobaltosis in goats].

Histological changes in chronic experimental hypocobaltosis manifest as atrophic-degenerative alterations and restructuring of endocrine organs as well as a decrease in systemic resistance (accidental transformation of the thymus, duodenitis and sigmoiditis in some animals). Pronounced fat hepatosis and signs of iron metabolism damage (cheilitis, spleen siderosis) are found as well.

[The pathological anatomy of HIV infection based on the data from serologically verified cases].

Pathology of 4 cases of serologically verified HIV infection is described. In 3 cases the disease developed against the background of previous pathologic processes that in one way or another influenced the pathologic picture. Only general characteristics of the HIV pathology are given in this report obtained by routine methods.

[The basic features of the pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis (yersiniosis)].

A new pathogenetic pattern of pseudotuberculosis has been derived on the basis of original clinical, anatomical and experimental findings as well as literature data. Careful consideration is given to: a basic mode of infection (alimentary), emergence of the primary affection with a rapid blood invasion by the agent (primary bacteremia), development of specific sensitization, multiorgan secondary focal impairment with lymphogenic dissemination of the infective agent (specific pseudotuberculous polyadenitis), formation of secondary immunodeficiency, consequent repeat bacteremias, recurrences, symptoms of infectious process aggravations, immunological rearrangement with dominating delayed hypersensitivity. As a rule, the disease terminated by elimination of the secondary foci and recovery.

[An insufficiency of essential trace elements and its manifestations in pathology].

There exist 11 essential elements (iron, copper, iodine, zinc, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, selenium and fluorine) vitally important for human health. The deficiency of these trace elements results in many pathological processes, including such world-wide human diseases, as iron-deficient anemias and other forms of hyposiderosis, endemic hypothyroid goiter, endemic fluorine deficiency states, particularly manifested by dental caries in children and osteoporosis of the advanced age. Selenium deficiency causes endemic cardiopathy in China, is a risk factor for the development and severe course of congestive cardiopathies, as well as myocardial infarction in a number of European countries.

[A new cell line of rat gasserian ganglion neurinoma NGUK-1].

A new cell line has been derived from the rat gasserian ganglion neurinoma NGUK-1 induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. It is characterized by an astrocyte-like growth pattern at the low cell density, and by an epitheliocyte-like pattern in the confluent monolayer. The cell line displays a high proliferative activity, its maximum mitotic index and proliferative pool being--2.

[Visceral candidiasis in conjunction with "marked eosinophilia" in acute opisthorchiasis].

A male of 31 has developed a marked eosinophilia associated with acute opisthorchiasis. The following heavy antibiotic treatment led to candidiasis of the liver, pancreas and lymph nodes. The study covered pathomorphology of the liver granulomatous inflammation which ran with formation of the specific crystalloid structures attributed to extensive eosinophilic decomposition.

[Cellular homeostasis and trace elements].

The authors consider the relevance of essential and toxic elements to the maintenance and derangement of cellular homeostasis, review different routes of their introduction in and release from varying cell types as well as relationships with specific ligands, distribution by intracellular pools. Presented are also morphological data on trace elements accumulation in cell, organs and compartments. A number of trace elements contributed to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis while the others demonstrate anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action.

[Septicemia against a background of immunodeficiency].

Macroscopic diagnosis of septicemia at autopsy is extremely difficult to make in cases where relevant diagnostic cues, notably changes in the spleen characteristic for sepsis are lacking. Histologic, bacterioscopic, immunomorphologic, fluorescence electron-microscopic studies of autopsy material are described which, in combination, enabled the authors to establish pathologic diagnosis of septicemia, identify its etiology, and characterize the immune status.

[Stereo-ultrastructure of the surface of HeLa cells following exposure to the MPEL of a number of trace elements].

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface ultrastructure of HeLa cells after the incubation with maximum-permissible concentrations (MPC) of zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine for 2, 4 and 24 hours. It was established that the action of zinc, nickel, fluorine was accompanied by the ultrastructural changes in plasmalemma up to the end of experiment. The effect of the cobalt and cadmium MPC was short-term, and cells restored their typical surface morphology within 24 hours.

[Resistance of the alimentary canal of Daphnia magna Straus to the effect of enteropathogenic NAG-vibrios].

The interrelations between 30 Daphnias and enteropathogenic NAG-vibrios were experimentally investigated. Using histological and immunoserological techniques, NAG-vibrio administration into the medium inhabited by Crustaceous was shown to cause no pathological changes in the animal alimentary canal. Daphnias used these organisms as food.

[Effect of sodium selenite on tumor cells in culture].

Morphofunctional changes in HeLa cell culture following treatment with various concentrations of selenium ion during 2, 4 and 24 hours are described. Variations in mitotic index, duration of separate mitotic stages and a profile of pathologic mitoses were established. Inhibition of cell entry into the S-phase of mitotic cycle and modifications of RNA and protein synthesis after treatment with 0.

[The most important human aluminoses].

Aluminoses are widespread forms of trace element deficiency of various severity. The organism is protected against a possible pathogenic influence of aluminum by a number of physiological mechanisms the most important among which is a regular urine excretion. A complex of pathological symptoms develops if serious homeostasis disturbances take place e.

[Experimental diarrhea in mice induced by oral infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli].

It has been shown in experiments on adult random-bred and BALB/c Sto mice that oral infection with human strain of E. coli N-10407 induces enterocolitis characterized by marked diarrheal syndrome but without lethal outcome. The action of the strain not colonizing the intestinal mucosa of mice may be accounted for by a weak cytopathic effect of the infecting microorganism and its toxin.

[Notes of a wartime pathologist].

The definition of the most important complications of the gunshot wound (wound sepsis, dystrophy of the wounded) is given on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the pathology data collected during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. The main conditions of the rise of the wound sepsis are characterized in detail, its dependence upon the severity of the gunshot wound is proven, the examples of a regular distribution of lethal wound sepsis cases in wounds of different localization are presented. It is shown the dystrophy syndrome of the wounded results from the combination of a long-lasting wound infection and grave metabolic disturbances.

[Daphnia magna Straus as consumers of enteropathogenic bacteria].

The ability of Daphnia magna Straus to digest enteropathogenic bacteria, i.e. Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia was studied in a series of experiments.

[Morphological and metabolic changes in a HeLa cell culture exposed to fluorine].

Fluoride in subtoxic (1.5 mcg/ml) and toxic (12 mcg/ml) concentrations induced characteristic changes in the mitotic regime of HeLa cell culture. Fluctuations of the mitotic index, variations in the duration of division phases and in the spectrum of pathologic mitosis were noticed.

[Biopsy data on the ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex in Vilyui encephalomyelitis].

Biopsies from the cortex of the right frontal lobe of 3 patients with chronic Vilyui encephalomyelitis were examined light- and electron microscopically. The characteristic degenerative changes in the gangliocytes and especially in the nerve fibers are typical for this disease; particularly severe lesions were found in the myelin sheaths and to a lesser extent in the axons. Myelin sheaths lamella, external mitochondrial membranes and other organelles showed osmiophilic degeneration with their destruction and release of peculiar crystal-like formations having an elective localization in the processes cytoplasm and not in the perikaryon.

[Histopathology of the subacute stage of Vilyui encephalomyelitis].

CNS histopathology of 2 cases of Vilyui encephalomyelitis (with neurological symptomatology of 7-month and 3-year duration) is presented. The picture demonstrates severe focal degenerative changes of neurons combined with nonpurulent inflammatory reaction in the pia mater and around the blood vessels of the cerebral and spinal cord white and gray matter. Characteristic features of the disease include swelling of the neurons and their processes, asymmetric thickening of the nuclear membrane, ectopy of the nucleoli and their exit from the nucleus and from the cell, karyocytolysis; formation of spongious foci and fine gliofibrous scars; considerable atrophic, edematous, and dystrophic changes in conduction tracts of the hemispheres, brain stem and spinal cord.