Asthma, Sinonasal Disease, and the Risk of Active Tuberculosis.

Background: Although asthma is associated with impaired lung immunity, it is unclear whether asthma affects the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). Because the upper and lower airways are immunologically related, sinonasal disease may also modify susceptibility to TB disease.

Objectives: To evaluate whether asthma and sinonasal disease prospectively modulate the risk of active TB in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Coffee and tea drinking in relation to risk of hip fracture in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Meta-analyses of studies conducted among Western populations suggest that coffee consumption does not affect osteoporotic fracture risk. However, experimental studies have shown that the effect of caffeine on bone health may depend on dosage. We examined the associations between consumption of coffee, tea and caffeine and risk of hip fracture in an Asian cohort.

Sleep lengthening in late adulthood signals increased risk of mortality.

Study Objectives: Epidemiological evidence indicates that both short and long sleep at midlife increase mortality risk, but few studies have examined how change in sleep duration between midlife and later life affects this risk. We examined the association between change in sleep duration and mortality risk.

Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a prospective cohort of 63257 Chinese in Singapore aged 45-74 years at recruitment (1993-1998).

Alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking in relation to risk of active tuberculosis: prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). However, the relation between lower levels of alcohol intake and TB risk remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between alcohol intake and risk of active TB and assess whether the associations were modified by smoking status, which is another risk factor for active TB.

Tea Drinking and Its Association with Active Tuberculosis Incidence among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Experimental studies showed that tea polyphenols may inhibit growth of . However, no prospective epidemiologic study has investigated tea drinking and the risk of active tuberculosis. We investigated this association in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese aged 45-74 years recruited between 1993 and 1998 in Singapore.

Dietary Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Carotenoids and Risk of Developing Active Tuberculosis in a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.

Antioxidants may protect against oxidative stress, which is associated with tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, direct evidence for a protective association between dietary antioxidants and TB incidence in humans has been lacking. The relationship between intake of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and individual carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein) and TB incidence was examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 63,257 adults aged 45-74 years enrolled during 1993-1998.

Coffee, tea, caffeine, and risk of hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Purpose: The relationship between coffee and tea, and risk of hypertension remains controversial in Western populations. We investigated these associations in an Asian population.

Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based prospective cohort that recruited 63,257 Chinese aged 45-74 years and residing in Singapore from 1993 to 1998.

Dietary Cholesterol Increases the Risk whereas PUFAs Reduce the Risk of Active Tuberculosis in Singapore Chinese.

Background: Experimental studies suggest that cholesterol enhances the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas marine ω-3 (n-3) and ω-6 (n-6) fatty acids (FAs) may modulate responses to M. tuberculosis in macrophage and animal models. However, there are no epidemiologic data from prospective studies of the relation between dietary cholesterol and FAs and the risk of developing active tuberculosis.