Complex evolutionary history of photosynthesis in .

comprises a diverse group of bacteria with various lifestyles. Although best known for their nodule-based nitrogen-fixation in symbiosis with legumes, a select group of bradyrhizobia are also capable of photosynthesis. This ability seems to be rare among rhizobia, and its origin and evolution in these bacteria remain a subject of substantial debate.

Delineation of Paraburkholderia tuberum sensu stricto and description of Paraburkholderia podalyriae sp. nov. nodulating the South African legume Podalyria calyptrata.

Since the discovery of Paraburkholderia tuberum, an indigenous South African species and one of the first beta-rhizobia described, several other South African rhizobial Paraburkholderia species have been recognized. Here, we investigate the taxonomic status of 31 rhizobial isolates from the root nodules of diverse South African legume hosts in the Core Cape Subregion, which were initially identified as P. tuberum.

Bradyrhizobium altum sp. nov., Bradyrhizobium oropedii sp. nov. and Bradyrhizobium acaciae sp. nov. from South Africa show locally restricted and pantropical nodA phylogeographic patterns.

Africa is known for its rich legume diversity with a significant number of endemic species originating in South Africa. Many of these legumes associate with rhizobial symbionts of the genus Bradyrhizobium, of which most represent new species. Yet, none of the Bradyrhizobium species from South Africa have been described.

Paraburkholderia youngii sp. nov. and 'Paraburkholderia atlantica' - Brazilian and Mexican Mimosa-associated rhizobia that were previously known as Paraburkholderia tuberum sv. mimosae.

Previous studies have recognized South and Central/Latin American mimosoid legumes in the genera Mimosa, Piptadenia and Calliandra as hosts for various nodulating Paraburkholderia species. Several of these species have been validly named in the last two decades, e.g.

Editor's Choice - Nationwide Analysis of Patients Undergoing Iliac Artery Aneurysm Repair in the Netherlands.

Objective: The new 2019 guideline of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) recommends consideration for elective iliac artery aneurysm (eIAA) repair when the iliac diameter exceeds 3.5 cm, as opposed to 3.0 cm previously.

Paraburkholderia strydomiana sp. nov. and Paraburkholderia steynii sp. nov.: rhizobial symbionts of the fynbos legume Hypocalyptus sophoroides.

Twelve nodulating Paraburkholderia strains isolated from indigenous South African fynbos legume Hypocalyptus sophoroides were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. Genealogical concordance analysis, based on six loci (16S rRNA, atpD, recA, rpoB, lepA and gltB), revealed that they separate into two consistent and exclusive groups. Average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridisation comparisons indicated that they were sufficiently divergent from their closest known phylogenetic relatives (Paraburkholderia caledonica and Paraburkholderia terrae, respectively) to be regarded as novel species.

Genome-informed Bradyrhizobium taxonomy: where to from here?

Bradyrhizobium is thought to be the largest and most diverse rhizobial genus, but this is not reflected in the number of described species. Although it was one of the first rhizobial genera recognised, its taxonomy remains complex. Various contemporary studies are showing that genome sequence information may simplify taxonomic decisions.

The synergistic effect of concatenation in phylogenomics: the case in .

With the increased availability of genome sequences for bacteria, it has become routine practice to construct genome-based phylogenies. These phylogenies have formed the basis for various taxonomic decisions, especially for resolving problematic relationships between taxa. Despite the popularity of concatenating shared genes to obtain well-supported phylogenies, various issues regarding this combined-evidence approach have been raised.

Corrigendum: Genome Data Provides High Support for Generic Boundaries in Sensu Lato.

[This corrects the article on p. 1154 in vol. 8, PMID: 28694797.

Mixta gen. nov., a new genus in the Erwiniaceae.

The Erwiniaceae contain many species of agricultural and clinical importance. Although relationships among most of the genera in this family are relatively well resolved, the phylogenetic placement of several taxa remains ambiguous. In this study, we aimed to address these uncertainties by using a combination of phylogenetic and genomic approaches.

Genome Data Provides High Support for Generic Boundaries in Sensu Lato.

Although the taxonomy of has been extensively scrutinized, significant uncertainty remains regarding the generic boundaries and composition of this large and heterogeneous taxon. Here we used the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 106 conserved proteins from 92 species to infer robust maximum likelihood phylogenies with which to investigate the generic structure of sensu lato. These data unambiguously supported five distinct lineages, of which four correspond to sensu stricto and the newly introduced genera , , and .

Burkholderia kirstenboschensis sp. nov. nodulates papilionoid legumes indigenous to South Africa.

Despite the diversity of Burkholderia species known to nodulate legumes in introduced and native regions, relatively few taxa have been formally described. For example, the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa is thought to represent one of the major centres of diversity for the rhizobial members of Burkholderia, yet only five species have been described from legumes occurring in this region and numerous are still awaiting taxonomic treatment. Here, we investigated the taxonomic status of 12 South African root-nodulating Burkholderia isolates from native papilionoid legumes (Hypocalyptus coluteoides, H.

Cryoplasty for occlusive disease of the femoropopliteal arteries: 1-year follow-up.

Atherosclerosis of femoropopliteal arteries is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has only limited success in treating these arteries, mainly because of the high rate of recurrent stenosis. Cryoplasty has been proposed as a technique which might improve treatment outcome.

False lumen thrombectomy of the superior mesenteric artery followed by iliomesenteric bypass after Stanford type B aortic dissection.

A 55-year-old man with an acute Stanford type B aortic dissection presented with clinical signs of mesenteric ischemia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a thrombosed false lumen in the superior mesenteric artery. At laparotomy, the dissection was found to be extending into the jejunal branches and medial colic artery.

Endovascular repair of a type B aortic dissection with transposition of a coexistent aberrant subclavian (lusorian) artery.

Purpose: To report the endovascular treatment of a relatively uncommon entity: an aortic type B dissection combined with an aberrant subclavian artery (SA).

Case Report: A 59-year-old patient was admitted with chest pain and interscapular back pain. A transesophageal ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography revealed a type B aortic dissection originating at the level of an aberrant SA orifice.

Endothelin-1 and blood pressure after inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in human septic shock.

Background: The systemic hypotension during human sepsis has been ascribed to increased production of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, inhibitors of NO synthesis have been used in the treatment of hypotension in patients with septic shock. In addition, NO production may inhibit the synthesis and vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1).

Distribution and metabolism of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in patients with septic shock.

Objective: The pharmacokinetics of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, was investigated in patients with septic shock.

Methods: Blood was sampled at intervals before, during and after 12-h infusion of L-NAME 1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) in nine septic shock patients for determination of plasma concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In three patients the renal clearance of the drug was determined.

Effect of L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha and nitrite/nitrate in human septic shock.

Objectives: We tested the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, on plasma levels of interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/ NO3-) in patients with severe septic shock.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital.

Pulmonary hypertension and reduced cardiac output during inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in human septic shock.

It has been suggested that inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis are of value in the treatment of hypotension during sepsis. In this pilot study, we examined the effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by continuous infusion of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 1.5 mg/kg/h in a patient with severe septic shock.

Effect of L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on cardiopulmonary function in human septic shock.

Study Objectives: We tested the effects of continuous infusion of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, on cardiovascular performance and pulmonary gas exchange in patients with hyperdynamic septic shock.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: ICU of a university hospital.

Prolonged inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in severe septic shock: a clinical study.

Objectives: Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis have been suggested to be of value in the treatment of hypotension during sepsis. However, earlier clinical reports only describe the initial effects of these nitric oxide inhibitors. This study was designed to examine the effects of the prolonged inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in patients with severe septic shock.

Nitric oxide causes dysfunction of coronary autoregulation in endotoxemic rats.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that overproduction of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) during endotoxemia may modulate coronary autoregulation and myocardial reactive hyperemia.

Methods: Hearts of endotoxin-pretreated rats and controls were isolated and arranged for perfusion in a Langendorff preparation. Autoregulation was studied by examining flow-pressure relations during stepwise changes in perfusion pressure.

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis causes myocardial ischemia in endotoxemic rats.

Inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis have been used in the treatment of septic and endotoxic shock. However, several studies question the beneficial effect of inhibiting NO production in sepsis and endotoxemia. We have investigated the effect of inhibition of NO synthesis after endotoxemia in the isolated perfused rat heart.