Combined morphologic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of voided urine samples for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer in patients with benign urine cytology.

Background: Bladder cancer is among the 5 most common malignancies worldwide. Patients with bladder cancer are closely followed with periodic cystoscopies and urine cytology analyses due to the significant risk of tumor recurrence. The UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test demonstrated higher sensitivity over urine cytology in detecting bladder cancer by most comparative studies.