Towards an operational definition of oral frailty: A e-Delphi study.

Objectives: Building upon our recently developed conceptual definition of oral frailty (the age-related functional decline of orofacial structures), this e-Delphi study aims to develop an operational definition of oral frailty by identifying its components.

Methods: We used a modified e-Delphi study to reach a consensus among international experts on the components of oral frailty. Twelve out of fifteen invited experts in the field of gerodontology participated.

Pain's Adverse Impact on Training-Induced Performance and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review.

Motor training is a widely used therapy in many pain conditions. The brain's capacity to undergo functional and structural changes i.e.

Clinical Oral Disorders in Adults Screening Protocol (CODA-SP) from the 2019 Vancouver IADR Consensus Symposium.

Background: The Clinical Oral Disorder in Elders (CODE) index was proposed in 1999 to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of older people who typically were edentate or had few natural teeth. Since then, more people are retaining natural teeth into old age and have oral disorders similar to younger adults. In addition, there has been further guidance on screening for disease that includes changes to the clinical indicators of several oral disorders and greater sensitivity to people's concerns about their oral health and care needs.

Challenges and Experiences of Dental Medicine in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The world has been suffering incredible loss due to a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV). The disease was later named the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The transmission routes of COVID-19 include respiratory transmission, aerosol transmission, and contact transmission.

Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Rat Caudal Medulla Mediates Tooth Pulp Inflammatory Pain.

The aims of this study were to investigate if Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) and if medullary application of a TLR4 antagonist (lipopolysaccharides from , LPS-RS) can attenuate changes in nociceptive sensorimotor responses or TLR4 expression that might be evoked by mustard oil (MO) application to the right maxillary first molar tooth pulp. Of 41 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study, 23 received intrathecal application of the TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS (25 μg/10 μl; LPS-RS group) or isotonic saline (10 μl; vehicle control group) 10 min before pulpal application of MO (95%; 0.2 μl).

Leadership education in prosthodontics: Development and impact of the Future Leaders in Prosthodontics (FLIP) workshops.

Statement Of Problem: The effectiveness of leadership education for prosthodontists is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this survey study was to evaluate the self-perceived impact a 2- to 2.5-day leadership education workshop in prosthodontics had on participants' professional, leadership, and management development.

(-)-α-Bisabolol reduces nociception and trigeminal central sensitisation in acute orofacial neuropathic pain induced by infraorbital nerve injury.

Unlabelled: Neuropathic orofacial pain conditions represent a challenge to diagnose and treat. Natural substances are promising therapeutic options for the control of pain.

Aims: This study aimed to examine whether (-)-α-bisabolol (BISA), a natural terpene, can attenuate nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Etiology and Measurement of Peri-Implant Crestal Bone Loss (CBL).

The etiology of peri-implant crestal bone loss is today better understood and certain factors proposed in the past have turned out to not be of concern. Regardless, the incidence of crestal bone loss remains higher than necessary and this paper reviews current theory on the etiology with a special emphasis on traditional and innovative methods to assess the level of crestal bone around dental implants that will enable greater sensitivity and specificity and significantly reduce variability in bone loss measurement.

Tooth extraction and subsequent dental implant placement in Sprague-Dawley rats induce differential changes in anterior digastric myofibre size and myosin heavy chain isoform expression.

Objective: to determine if tooth loss and dental implant placement in rats induce changes in the morphological and histochemical features of the Anterior Digastric muscle.

Design: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had their right maxillary molar teeth extracted. 'Extraction-1' and 'Extraction-2 groups were sacrificed, respectively, 4 or 8 weeks later, and an Implant group had an implant placement 2 weeks after the molar extraction, and rats were sacrificed 3 weeks later (n = 4/group).

Impaired bone healing at tooth extraction sites in CD24-deficient mice: A pilot study.

Aim: To use a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to quantify bone healing at maxillary first molar extraction sites, and test the hypothesis that bone healing is impaired in CD24-knockout mice as compared with wild-type C57BL/6J mice.

Materials And Methods: Under ketamine-xylazine general anaesthesia, mice had either extraction of the right maxillary first molar tooth or sham operation. Mice were sacrificed 1 (n = 12/group), 2 (n = 6/group) or 4 (n = 6/group) weeks postoperatively.

Development of semi-automatic procedure for detection and tracking of fiducial markers for orofacial kinematics during natural feeding.

Feeding is a highly complex, essential behavior for survival in all species. Characterization of feeding behaviors has implications in basic science and translational medicine. We have been developing methods to study feeding behaviors using high speed videofluoroscopy (XROMM) in rats while self-feeding radiopaque flavored kibble.

Jaw sensorimotor control in healthy adults and effects of ageing.

The oro-facial sensorimotor system is a unique system significantly distinguished from the spinal sensorimotor system. The jaw muscles are involved in mastication, swallowing and articulatory speech movements and their integration with respiration. These sensorimotor functions are vital for sustaining life and necessitate complex neuromuscular processing to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of numerous oro-facial muscles.

Sagittal Plane Kinematics of the Jaw and Hyolingual Apparatus During Swallowing in Macaca mulatta.

Studies of mechanisms of feeding behavior are important in a society where aging- and disease-related feeding disorders are increasingly prevalent. It is important to evaluate the clinical relevance of animal models of the disease and the control. Our present study quantifies macaque hyolingual and jaw kinematics around swallowing cycles to determine the extent to which macaque swallowing resembles that of humans.

Satoyoshi Syndrome with Progressive Orofacial Manifestations: A Case History Report.

A young female patient suffering from Satoyoshi syndrome had the first characteristic signs and symptoms of hair loss and progressive spontaneous intermittent painful spasms of limb muscles at age 6.5 years. Thereafter, she developed chronic diarrhea, amenorrhea, and skeletal deformities.

Widespread Volumetric Brain Changes following Tooth Loss in Female Mice.

Tooth loss is associated with altered sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions. These changes vary highly in the population and are accompanied by structural and functional changes in brain regions mediating these functions. It is unclear to what extent this variability in behavior and function is caused by genetic and/or environmental determinants and which brain regions undergo structural plasticity that mediates these changes.

Decreased face primary motor cortex (face-M1) excitability induced by noxious stimulation of the rat molar tooth pulp is dependent on the functional integrity of medullary astrocytes.

We have recently shown that application of the small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant mustard oil (MO) to the rat molar tooth pulp can decrease face-M1 excitability, but increase the excitability of trigeminal medullary dorsal horn (MDH) nociceptive neurons and that application of the astrocytic inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to the face-M1 or MDH can attenuate the MO-induced changes. The present study aimed to determine whether medullary MSO application could modulate the MO-induced decreased face-M1 excitability. Under ketamine general anesthesia, electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were implanted into the right anterior digastric (RAD, jaw-opening muscle) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Dental Occlusal Changes Induce Motor Cortex Neuroplasticity.

Modification to the dental occlusion may alter oral sensorimotor functions. Restorative treatments aim to restore sensorimotor functions; however, it is unclear why some patients fail to adapt to the restoration and remain with sensorimotor complaints. The face primary motor cortex (face-M1) is involved in the generation and control of orofacial movements.

Association of CD24 and the adenomatous polyposis coli gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus.

Objective: CD24 and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene polymorphisms are known to predispose to malignant disease. We aimed to investigate their association with risk and susceptibility of oral lichen planus (OLP) in an Israeli Jewish population.

Study Design: The study included 54 patients, of which 41 were females (75.

Long-term neuroplasticity of the face primary motor cortex and adjacent somatosensory cortex induced by tooth loss can be reversed following dental implant replacement in rats.

Tooth loss is common, and exploring the neuroplastic capacity of the face primary motor cortex (face-M1) and adjacent primary somatosensory cortex (face-S1) is crucial for understanding how subjects adapt to tooth loss and their prosthetic replacement. The aim was to test if functional reorganization of jaw and tongue motor representations in the rat face-M1 and face-S1 occurs following tooth extraction, and if subsequent dental implant placement can reverse this neuroplasticity. Rats (n = 22) had the right maxillary molar teeth extracted under local and general anesthesia.

Neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor cortex associated with orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) causes transient pain and changes in the dental occlusion that may lead to altered somatosensory inputs and patterns of mastication. This study used intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and electromyographic (EMG) recordings to test whether neuroplastic changes occur in the ICMS-defined motor representations of left and right anterior digastric (LAD, RAD), masseter, buccinator, and genioglossus (GG) muscles within the rat's face primary motor cortex (face-M1) and adjacent face primary somatosensory cortex (face-S1) during OTM. Analyses included any changes in the number of ICMS sites representing these muscles and in the onset latencies of ICMS-evoked responses in the muscles.

Decreased face primary motor cortex (face-M1) excitability induced by noxious stimulation of the rat molar tooth pulp is dependent on the functional integrity of face-M1 astrocytes.

Acute inflammatory dental pain is a prevalent condition often associated with limited jaw movements. Mustard oil (MO, a small-fiber excitant/inflammatory irritant) application to the rat molar tooth pulp induces increased excitability (i.e.

Face sensorimotor cortex and its neuroplasticity related to orofacial sensorimotor functions.

This review describes evidence in subprimates and primates that the face primary somatosensory cortex (face SI) and primary motor cortex (face MI) are involved in sensorimotor integration and control of orofacial motor functions that include semiautomatic movements (e.g., chewing, swallowing) and voluntary movements (e.

Chapter 9--face sensorimotor cortex neuroplasticity associated with intraoral alterations.

Loss of teeth or dental attrition is a common clinical occurrence associated with altered somatosensation and impaired oral motor behavior (e.g., mastication, deglutition, phonation).