Sensitive enzymatic determination of neurotransmitters in artificial sweat.

Dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EN) are two phenolic molecules that are used in the human body and secreted in the brain actuating as neurotransmitters. As both molecules are highly important in the brain and the central nervous system, monitoring of their concentrations would enable better understanding of their importance and role in different physiological conditions. Copper efflux oxidase from Escherichia coli was shown in the past to have the ability of oxidizing polyphenolic compounds.

Site-specifically wired and oriented glucose dehydrogenase fused to a minimal cytochrome with high glucose sensing sensitivity.

Direct electron transfer based enzymatic biosensors are highly efficient systems where electrons are transferred directly from the enzyme's electroactive site to the electrode. One way of achieving it is by 'wiring' the enzyme to the electrode surface. The wiring of enzymes to electrode surfaces can be reached in many different ways but controlling its orientation towards the electrode surface is still a challenge.