Indocyanine Green Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Pediatric Hepatobiliary Procedures: A Feasibility Study for Improved Intraoperative Visualization.

Introduction Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is reported extensively in adult operations, but its safety and applications in Pediatric populations remain to be comprehensively understood. The dose, administration protocols and intraoperative imaging benefits in Pediatric hepatobiliary operations are not clear. Objectives To identify the feasibility and applications of ICG Fluorescence Guided Surgery (FGS) in hepatobiliary surgeries (for biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, and cholelithiasis) in children.

Role of Emerging Urinary Biomarkers in Predicting Progressive Deterioration of Kidney Function in Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract: Trefoil Family Factor 3, Alpha Soluble Klotho and Urinary Microalbuminuria.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is an irreversible fate of many CAKUT (Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract) patients. Biomarkers involved in the disease progression are raised early in the disease process and aid in identifying the individuals at risk of progressive renal function decline.

Aims: To determine and compare the initial levels of urinary biomarkers in patients of CAKUT with asymptomatic controls and to correlate the same with progression of renal disease.

Cardiac Molecular Analysis Reveals Aging-Associated Metabolic Alterations Promoting Glycosaminoglycans Accumulation via Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway.

Age is a prominent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, often leading to heart structural and functional changes. However, precise molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling and dysfunction exclusively resulting from physiological aging remain elusive. Previous research demonstrated age-related functional alterations in baboons, analogous to humans.

Acquired Urethrocutaneous Fistula in Children: Case Series of Unusual Presentations of a Usual Condition.

Urinary-cutaneous fistulas are typically treated by pediatric urologists and typically arise after surgical interventions. The three atypical cases of acquired urethrocutaneous fistula that we present here have variously resulted from an untreated periurethral abscess to complications of an initial urethral calculi. To prevent an intraoperative surprise, learning from our cases put emphasis on the importance of early intervention and a high index of suspicion for underlying calculi.

Relationship between preoperative nutritional status assessed using anthropometric measures and postoperative complications in pediatric surgical patients.

Aim: To determine the relationship between preoperative nutritional status assessed using anthropometric measures and postoperative complications in pediatric surgical patients.

Methodology: This prospective observational cohort study included 650 patients from 6 months to 18 years undergoing elective surgery at our institution. Elective surgery included procedures such as herniotomy, orchidopexy, urethroplasty, cystoscopy, PUV fulguration, pyeloplasty, ureteric reimplantation, stoma formation/closure, anorectoplasty, pull-through, choledochal cyst excision and repair, VP shunt insertion, lipomyelomeningocele repair, diastematomyelia excision and repair, and cyst excision.

Onychoscopic Analysis of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Polydactylic Bluish-Gray Discoloration in a Case of Pemphigus Foliaceus.

Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, has rarely been observed to cause a bluish discoloration of nails, an occurrence that is typically underreported. We describe the case of a middle-aged male undergoing dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for pemphigus foliaceus, who exhibited bluish-gray discoloration of the nails. It is crucial to differentiate this presentation from other conditions such as nail apparatus melanoma (NAM), which may manifest in a slightly different manner.

Bladder height to width ratio as a surrogate marker for non-physiological storage pressures in children with spinal dysraphism.

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism is the most frequent cause of neurogenic bladder. Urodynamic study (UDS) is an important component of the follow-up of a child with neurogenic bladder. However, it suffers from a lack of widespread availability and is further hampered by technical difficulties and difficulty in its interpretation in children.

Far-red active unsymmetrical squaraine dyes containing N-arylated indoline donors for dye sensitized solar cells.

Squaraine dyes possess sharp far-red active transition with high extinction coefficient and form aggregates on TiO surface. Aggregation of dyes on TiO has been considered as a detrimental factor for DSSC device performance, which can be controlled by appending alkyl groups to the dye structures. Hence by integrating alkylated (alkyl groups with both in-plane and out-of-plane) aryl group with indoline moiety to make it compatible with other electrolytes and for controlling the dye-aggregation, a series of squaraine acceptor-based dyes SQA4-6 have been designed and synthesized.

Pattern of Preoperative Uroflowmetry in Hypospadias Patients and Age-matched Control Patients.

Aim: Patients with hypospadias often present with voiding difficulties after successful repairs. We sought to analyze the degree of uroflowmetric anomalies that may be present in children with hypospadias before a surgical repair. We, thus, undertook this study to compare the pattern of preoperative uroflowmetry study in hypospadias patients and a comparable age-matched control group.

Cardiac Molecular Analysis Reveals Aging-Associated Metabolic Alterations Promoting Glycosaminoglycans Accumulation Via Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway.

Age is a prominent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, and often leads to heart structural and functional changes. However, precise molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling and dysfunction resulting from physiological aging per se remain elusive. Understanding these mechanisms requires biological models with optimal translation to humans.

Determining the Clinical Value of Routine Post Operative follow up in Common Paediatric Surgical Conditions: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The traditional postoperative visit consists of an in-person hospital visit at a predetermined date which requires the investment of time and resources. This implies a need to prioritize visits rather than mandating them, which can be assessed by the requirement of clinical intervention at the time of follow-up. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical value of routine postoperative physical follow-up in common pediatric surgery conditions, to identify factors determining follow-up, and to estimate the cost of routine follow-up.

Can Neonatal Pull-through Replace Staged Pull-through for the Management of Anorectal Malformation? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are managed classically in three stages - colostomy at birth, anorectal pull-through after 2-3 months, and stoma closure. Single-stage pull-through has been contemplated in neonatal age aimed to reduce the number of procedures, better long-term continence, the better psycho-social status of the child, and reduced cost of treatment, especially in resource-strained countries. We conducted a systematic review comparing neonatal single-stage pull-through with stage pull-through and did a meta-analysis for the outcome and complications.

Integrated multi-omics analysis of brain aging in female nonhuman primates reveals altered signaling pathways relevant to age-related disorders.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated as a key brain region responsible for age-related cognitive decline. Little is known about aging-related molecular changes in PFC that may mediate these effects. To date, no studies have used untargeted discovery methods with integrated analyses to determine PFC molecular changes in healthy female primates.

Retrospective Analysis of the Outcome of Stoma Closure in Children without Preoperative Mechanical Bowel Preparation.

Introduction: Stoma closure is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures by pediatric surgeons worldwide. In this study, we studied the outcome of children undergoing stoma closures without mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) in our department.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of children <18 years undergoing stoma closure from 2017 to 2021.

Effect of Multimedia Teaching Tools in Parental Anxiety and Comprehension of Informed Consent Procedure in Pediatric Surgical Procedures: A Single Centre Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction: Informed consent is an essential component of medical ethics. In children, the parent or legally authorized guardian must consent to any medical or surgical intervention. A number of adjuncts have been developed to supplement the consent process including multimedia tools.

Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on Initial Presentation and Overall Prognosis of Biliary Atresia Patients.

Background And Aim: Biliary atresia is known to have a multifactorial etiology and perinatal infection with hepatotropic viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a probable trigger in a subset of patients. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of CMV association of biliary atresia on the initial presentation of patients and their response to Kasai portoenterostomy.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study on 20 patients of biliary atresia and classified them into two groups based on their CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity.

The understated issue of caregiver anxiety for pediatric surgical hospital admissions: opening the blindfolds.

Key Message: Hospitalization is a nerve-wrecking experience for patients and their families (Lam et al. in Int J Nurs Stud 43:535-545, 2006). The financial burden of hospitalization is the prime perpetrator, however, multiple other factors also contribute significantly to the underlying problem which can be eliminated by efforts of the doctors and other healthcare workers and by modifying the hospital policies (Bassett et al.

D-A-D-based Unsymmetrical Thiosquaraine Dye for the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

In dye-sensitized solar cell, modulating the electronic properties of the sensitizer by varying the donor, π-spacer, acceptor and anchoring groups help optimizing the structure of the dye for better device performance. Here, a donor-acceptor-donor-based unsymmetrical thiosquaraine sensitizer (SQ5S) has been designed and synthesized. Photophysical, electrochemical, theoretical and photovoltaic characterizations of SQ5S dye have been compared with its oxygen analog, SQ5.

Role of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1(MCP-1), and Interleukin-6(IL-6) as biomarkers in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis.

Objectives: The decision to surgically intervene in a hydronephrotic kidney in children is based on many debatable guidelines, some requiring repeated ultrasounds or renal scans. Urinary proteins have the potential to reflect renal disorders and hence can be the alternatives to such scans. Here, we aim to assess the role of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in such patients.

Prevalence and risk factors of vulvar dermatoses: A hospital-based study.

Background: The overall prevalence of vulvar diseases in the literature is low because of underreporting and is often neglected; thus, its impact on a female's life is often underestimated.

Objectives: This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of vulvar diseases and their associated risk factors in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Materials And Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and case-controlled study wherein all female patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) were screened for the signs and symptoms of vulvar dermatoses and were enrolled after obtaining informed consent and institutional ethics committee approval for 21 months.

Quality-of-life of people with keloids and its correlation with clinical severity and demographic profiles.

Although the impairment of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with keloids is profound, it has neither been well quantified nor correlated with severity in people with skin of colour. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study comprised 110 patients with keloid(s). A physician measured the severity of keloids using the Vancouver Scar scale and impairment of QoL using the patient-filled Hindi version of Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire.

Visual impression of the colon over giant hydronephrosis in a child: A case report.

Introduction: Giant hydronephrosis is a rare manifestation of upper urinary tract obstruction. On clinical examination, a colonic band of resonance is appreciated on percussion due to presence of transverse colon anterior to the renal lump. However, visualizing the colon on inspection is not reported in the literature.