Endonasal endoscopic removal of intra-orbital (extralacrimal, extraconjunctival) oculosporidiosis: Anatomical and surgical considerations.

This report illustrates the successful removal of a proper intra-orbital oculosporidiosis (extralacrimal, extraconjunctival) exclusively by the endonasal endoscopic approach. It also introduces the as an important surgical landmark and describes a hitherto undefined that harbored the infestation as a nodular conglomerate. The patient, a 50-year-old woman, was operated on three years ago for rhinosporidiosis of the nasal cavity and the distal lacrimal drainage system (lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct).

Network models for characterization of trabecular bone.

Trabecular bone is a lightweight, compliant material organized as a web of struts and rods (trabeculae) that erode with age and the onset of bone diseases like osteoporosis, leading to increased fracture risk. The traditional diagnostic marker of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD), has been shown in ex vivo experiments to correlate poorly with fracture resistance when considered on its own, while structural features in conjunction with BMD can explain more of the variation in trabecular bone strength. We develop a network-based model of trabecular bone by creating graphs from micro-computed tomography images of human bone, with weighted links representing trabeculae and nodes representing branch points.