PSA levels of 4.0 - 10 ng/mL and negative digital rectal examination. Antibiotic therapy versus immediate prostate biopsy.

Purpose: The management of mildly elevated (4.0-10.0 ng/ml) prostate specific antigen (PSA) is uncertain.

Combined cystolithotomy and transurethral resection of prostate: best management of infravesical obstruction and massive or multiple bladder stones.

Objectives: To investigate the results of combined suprapubic cystolithotomy followed by transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate (TURP) or TUR of the bladder neck in patients with infravesical obstruction and massive or numerous bladder stones. We also reviewed the medical literature and compared the success, morbidity, and mortality rates of the treatment modality presented here and the nonsurgical modality of transurethral lithotripsy and resection of the prostate or bladder neck.

Methods: Through a 10-year period, 20 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction and massive or numerous bladder stones underwent cystolithotomy for stone clearance followed by TURP or TUR of the bladder neck.