elution of amikacin, cefazolin, gentamicin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and meropenem from a commercially available calcium sulfate delivery kit.

Introduction: The use of implantable antibiotic beads has become a frequent treatment modality for the management of surgical site infections in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of this study is to describe the elution kinetics of five antibiotics from a commercially available calcium sulfate antibiotic delivery kit. A secondary goal was to compare elution concentrations with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for commonly encountered bacteria from the University of Florida's veterinary microbiology laboratory database.

Lateral ear canal resection and bulla osteotomy with marsupialization to treat otitis media in rabbits: forty-eight procedures.

Objective: Describe lateral ear canal resection and bulla osteotomy with marsupialization (LECARBOM) in rabbits with otitis media (OM), and report outcomes, complications, bacteria cultured from middle ears, and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical case series; single referral hospital.

Animals: Forty-two rabbits with naturally occurring OM.

Assessment of a vessel and tissue-sealing device for ovariectomy in chickens to evaluate the potential application of the procedure to other avian species.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a novel technique involving a vessel and tissue-sealing device (VTSD) for ovariectomy in chickens to evaluate the potential application of the procedure to other avian species.

Animals: 20 domestic laying hens (), of which 10 were immature (< 4 months old) and 10 were adults (> 18 months old).

Procedures: Ovariectomy was performed with a VTSD through a left lateral celiotomy.

Acute hyperkalemia as anesthetic complication in a diabetic dog undergoing tumor excision.

A mixed-breed dog with a history of diabetes mellitus underwent surgical removal of multiple colonic adenocarcinomas. The dog acutely developed electrocardiographic changes compatible with hyperkalemia during manipulation of the tumors, which was confirmed and treated. Although it was not possible to confirm clinical tumor lysis syndrome in this dog, the hyperkalemia and resultant arrhythmia that occurred during tumor manipulation were suggestive of acute tumor lysis syndrome.

Efficacy of application of an alcohol-based antiseptic hand rub or a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub for immediate reduction of the bacterial population on the skin of dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of application of an alcohol-based antiseptic (80% ethyl alcohol) hand rub (ABAHR) with that of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub (CGS2) for immediate reduction of the bacterial population on the skin of dogs. ANIMALS 50 client-owned dogs with no evidence of skin disease. PROCEDURES On each dog, 2 areas of hair on the ventral aspect of the abdomen were clipped with a No.

Collateral circulation in ferrets (Mustela putorius) during temporary occlusion of the caudal vena cava.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether extent of collateral circulation would change during temporary occlusion of the caudal vena cava (CVC) in ferrets (Mustela putorius), a pressure change would occur caudal to the occlusion, and differences would exist between the sexes with respect to those changes. ANIMALS 8 adult ferrets (4 castrated males and 4 spayed females). PROCEDURES Ferrets were anesthetized.

Elution of Clindamycin and Enrofloxacin From Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Beads In Vitro.

Objective: To compare the in vitro elution characteristics of clindamycin and enrofloxacin from calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads containing a single antibiotic, both antibiotics, and each antibiotic incubated in the same eluent well.

Study Design: Experimental in vitro study.

Methods: Calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads were formed by mixing with clindamycin and/or enrofloxacin to create 4 study groups: (1) 160 mg clindamycin/10 beads; (2) 160 mg enrofloxacin/10 beads; (3) 160 mg clindamycin + 160 mg enrofloxacin/10 beads; and (4) 160 mg clindamycin/5 beads and 160 mg enrofloxacin/5 beads.

Penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy followed by chemotherapy in a dog with penile hemangiosarcoma.

A 7 yr old castrated male standard poodle weighing 25 kg was presented with a 5 day history of hematuria, dysuria, and the presence of a 2.5 cm, firm swelling within the prepuce. Abdominal radiographs revealed a soft-tissue mass on the distal prepuce and lysis of the cranial margin of the os penis.

Advancement flap as a novel treatment for a pododermatitis lesion in a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis).

Pododermatitis is a pathologic condition commonly reported in captive raptors and characterized by swelling, excoriation, ulceration, cellulitis, or abscessation of the plantar aspect of the foot. Its cause can be multifactorial, often involving abnormal weight bearing or poor sanitation, and medical and surgical techniques, in addition to environmental alterations, are hallmarks of treatment. In this case, a single pedicle advancement flap was used to treat chronic, nonresponsive grade V/VII pododermatitis of the right metatarsal pad in a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis).

Knot security and tensile strength of suture materials.

Objective: To evaluate knot security and tensile failure load of suture tied in simple interrupted, beginning continuous, and ending continuous patterns for 11 suture materials commonly used in small animal surgery.

Study Design: Mechanical study.

Methods: For each of 11 suture material types, and 5 knot sizes (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 throws) 2 surgeons each tied 6 knots (n = 12 for each knot size in 11 suture materials).

Effect of using triclosan-impregnated suture for incisional closure on surgical site infection and inflammation following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.

Objective: To compare surgical site infection and inflammation rates between the use of nonimpregnated (polydioxanone and poliglecaprone 25) versus triclosan-impregnated (polydioxanone and poliglecaprone 25) suture for incisional closure in dogs undergoing a standardized orthopedic procedure (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy [TPLO]).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animals: 283 dogs that underwent TPLO between November 2005 and December 2009.

Successful management of simple fractures of the femoral neck with femoral head and neck excision arthroplasty in two free-living avian species.

A red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and a Canada goose (Branta canadensis) were evaluated for unilateral pelvic limb lameness. Physical examination findings and results of diagnostic imaging revealed femoral neck fractures in both birds. Both birds were treated with a femoral head and neck excision arthroplasty.

Septic peritonitis: treatment and prognosis.

Septic peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum that has a wide variety of clinical courses. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition and its diagnosis in small animals are reviewed in a companion article. This article addresses the treatment of septic peritonitis and prognosis in small animals.

Septic peritonitis: etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis.

Septic peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum that occurs secondary to microbial contamination. This clinically important condition has a wide variety of clinical courses as well as high morbidity and mortality due to secondary multiorgan dysfunction. This article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of this condition and its diagnosis in small animals; a companion article addresses treatment and prognosis.

Evaluation of the histologic reactions to commonly used suture materials in the skin and musculature of ball pythons (Python regius).

Objective: To evaluate histologic reactions to 8 suture materials and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) in the musculature and skin of ball pythons.

Animals: 30 hatchling ball pythons.

Procedures: In each snake, ten 1-cm skin incisions were made (day 0).

Clinical and histologic effects of intracardiac administration of propofol for induction of anesthesia in ball pythons (Python regius).

Objective: To assess the clinical differences between induction of anesthesia in ball pythons with intracardiac administration of propofol and induction with isoflurane in oxygen and to assess the histologic findings over time in hearts following intracardiac administration of propofol.

Design: Prospective randomized study.

Animals: 30 hatchling ball pythons (Python regius).

Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy for treatment of otitis externa and media in a rabbit.

Case Description: A 7-year-old spayed female Miniature Rex European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated because of scratching at the right ear. Physical examination revealed purulent exudate in the right ear canal.

Clinical Findings: Microbial culture of the exudate yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible to marbofloxacin; however, the infection was refractory to appropriate medical treatment.

Segmental jejunal entrapment, volvulus, and strangulation secondary to intra-abdominal adhesions in a dog.

A 4 yr old, castrated male dachshund was presented for lethargy, restlessness, a "hunched" posture, and a painful abdomen. A gastric foreign body had been surgically removed 24 mo previously. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a devitalized segment of jejunum with twisted mesentery.

Use of a duodenal serosal patch in the repair of a colon rupture in a female Solomon Island eclectus parrot.

Case Description-A 444-g (0.98-lb) 4-year-old sexually intact female Solomon Island eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus solomonensis) was referred and evaluated for a suspected colonic obstruction. Clinical Findings-The parrot had a 3-day history of not passing feces and lack of appetite following treatment of dystocia that included percutaneous collapse of the egg and manual removal of egg fragments via the cloaca.

Prepubic urethrostomy and vaginoplasty in a female cat.

A 1-year-old, intact female, domestic shorthaired cat was presented for dysuria resulting from perineal scarring subsequent to injuries incurred during a cat fight. A prepubic urethrostomy was performed to manage the dysuria. Eleven months later, the cat was re-presented with a 3-day history of pyrexia and inappetence.

Megaesophagus in a 6-month-old cat secondary to a nasopharyngeal polyp.

A 6-month-old male domestic shorthair cat was presented for a 3-month history of dysphagia and upper respiratory signs. The cat was diagnosed with a generalized megaesophagus secondary to a large nasopharyngeal polyp that extended into the cervical esophagus. The polyp was removed by traction and a left ventral bulla osteotomy was performed to remove the polyp base.

Medical and surgical management of otitis in captive bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus).

Six cases of severe otitis media-interna, an uncommon problem in nondomestic ruminants, were diagnosed in five captive bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus). The cases were geographically clustered at zoological facilities in Florida. A visible ear droop, head shaking, and otic discharge were common at clinical presentation.