[Posterior urethral valves: prenatal diagnosis, neonatal data and outcome].

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the impact of prenatal diagnosis on the epidemiology and outcome of children with posterior urethral valves (PUV), considering that today termination of pregnancy may be proposed in the most severe cases.

Patients And Methods: Forty-three cases of patients with PUV were diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. In this study, we detailed the prenatal data and postnatal outcome of those patients with a mean follow-up period of 7.

[The prostate: how to treat this symbol of male vulnerability? An Association Française d'Urologie (AFU)-IPSOS qualitative survey].

Introduction: Information on prostate diseases, including prostate cancer, has been promoted by the Association Française d'Urologie (AFU) for several years, but is developing slowly in France. In 2005, a first communication was targeted to the male public and identified the reasons for the fatalistic attitude of men, and paradoxically, why the prostate incarnates the vulnerability of their sexual capital. As part of a second phase, this article presents the results of a complementary study conducted among general practitioners to identify their expectations and the most appropriate levers to promote screening.

Multicenter assessment of ultrasound of the spermatic cord in children with acute scrotum.

Purpose: Intravaginal or extravaginal spermatic cord torsion is a diagnostic challenge for the surgeon and radiologist. Color Doppler sonography can be inaccurate, leading to dangerous false-negative results. To date, no single reliable test has been able to provide 100% diagnostic accuracy.

[Congenital giant hydronephrosis: long-term results of primary neonatal nephroplication].

Objective: Congenital giant hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction is exceptional and treatment often requires nephrectomy of a poorly functioning kidney. However, a more conservative approach by nephroplication is also possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional outcome of these kidneys treated by nephroplication during the neonatal period.

[Cryptorchidism: the point of view of a pediatric urologist].

Cryptorchidism is a very common anomaly of testicular migration, different from ectopy, anorchidy or retractile testis. Physiopathology of cryptorchidism is now well known. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism during pregnancy is mostly admitted.

Ultrasonography of the spermatic cord in children with testicular torsion: impact on the surgical strategy.

Purpose: Many surgeons advocate systematic exploration for acute scrotum rather than risking a misdiagnosis of testicular torsion. Study of testicular vascularization with color Doppler sonography (CDS) can be inaccurate, leading to dangerous false-negative results. We determine whether direct visualization of the twisted cord during emergency high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) is a reliable sign to diagnose the torsion and whether its absence can dispense with unnecessary surgery.

The value of colour Doppler ultrasonography for identification of crossing vessels in children with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.

Background: Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is caused by the presence of an aperistaltic dysplastic segment at the PUJ. Besides this intrinsic aetiology, extrinsic abnormalities, mainly crossing vessels, may be an associated factor.

Objective: To determine the reliability of colour Doppler US in the detection of crossing vessels in children with surgically proven PUJ obstruction.

[Role of fetal urine sampling in the prenatal diagnosis of malformative uropathies].

Objective: To define the diagnostic and therapeutic value of foetal urine sampling (FUS).

Material And Method: Between 1996 and 2001, FUS was performed in 16 patients for three indications: assessment of renal function (Group 1, n = 12), diagnosis of a cystic mass (Group 2, n = 2), prevention of dystocia (Group 3, n = 2). The anomaly was detected by ultrasound.

[Obstructive ureteral calculi in children. Retrospective analysis of 24 cases].

Objective: To specify the characteristics of symptomatic ureteric stones in children and to define therapeutic indications for these stones.

Material And Methods: Between 1993 and 2000, 24 children were treated for obstructive ureteric stones. The assessment comprised ultrasound and plain x-ray of the abdomen.

[Lower pole pedicle in a series of 84 pyelo-ureteral junction syndromes surgically treated in children].

Objective: To evaluate the involvement and consequences of the lower pole pedicle (LPP) associated with ureteropelvic junction syndrome.

Material And Method: Retrospective study in 81 children presenting a total of 84 ureteropelvic junction syndromes operated consecutively between 1994 and 1998. Urinary tract ultrasound and cystography were systematically performed.

[Diabetes and urination disorders].

Diabetic neuropathy of can induce multi-organ dysfunction. The diabetes simultaneously has profound repercussions on gastrointestinal, sexual and erectile functions. One of the main sequelae of diabetic neuropathy is autonomic neuropathy affecting the vesicosphincteric control.

[Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral polycystic kidney disease in a twin pregnancy].

Polycystic renal dysplasia is a lethal malformation when it is bilateral. The authors report a rare case of polycystic dysplasia observed in both foetuses of a twin pregnancy, one of whom survived despite bilateral polycystic kidney disease. These biamniotic monoplacental twins were delivered prematurely at 33 weeks of amenorrhoea.

[Pressure-flow urologic analysis in children: reflections after 20 years of practice].

Pressure-flow analysis in children allows optimal definition of the main urodynamic parameters of micturition and clarifies certain aspects of physiology and functional disorders. This examination has allowed urologists to establish reliable relationships between the findings of the clinical interview and clinical examination and the reality of urodynamic parameters, so that, after being widely used for more than 20 years, its indications have now become exceptional, limited to the detection of detrusor-sphincter pathophysiology and a few rare voiding disorders, poorly defined by clinical findings or imaging.

[Varicocele in adolescents. Treatment by sclerotherapy and percutaneous embolization: reflections on the method. Apropos of 23 cases].

Objective: The authors report their experience of the treatment of varicocele in adolescents. As a result of progress in interventional radiology and embolization techniques, they have used a technique combining sclerotherapy and percutaneous embolization since 1993.

Material And Methods: Since 1993, twenty three adolescents between the ages of 11 and and 17 years (mean = 14.

[Evaluation of 20 years' experience of enuresis in children].

The clinical and urodynamic approach to enuretic children over a period of more than 20 years has allowed the authors to develop a multifactorial pathophysiological concept of this disorder. The main factors involved are psychological, familial, genetic, vesical, due to bladder immaturity, hormonal, due to a defect of nocturnal ADH secretion, hygiene and dietary habits, etc. The sleep factor is predominant in the majority of cases.

[Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter and the kidney pelvis. Report of 3 cases].

The authors report 3 cases of fibroepithelial polyps, one of which was an incidental finding and 2 were symptomatic, presenting in the form of macroscopic haematuria and chronic back pain, respectively. These lesions required 2 nephroureterectomies because of their renal repercussions or their multifocal nature, combined with segmental resection of the ureter, including the base of the tumour. In the light of these cases, the authors review the literature and analyse the current management of this rare disease, in particular the indications for endourological techniques which appear to have a major diagnostic contribution as a complement to IVU and retrograde urography, but whose therapeutic value has yet to be defined.

Childhood urolithiasis: urological management of upper tract calculi in the era of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

Objective: To evaluate the management of urolithiasis in children since the development of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Methods: Between 1988 and 1994, 37 children, aged from 2 to 15 years (mean 10), with upper tract urolithiasis were evaluated and treated. Lithogenic metabolic disorders or anomalies of the urinary tract were present in 11 children (30%) Urolithiasis was multiple in 9 cases and bilateral in 2 cases.