Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination.

Background: GnRH agonists have been used to halt the development of puberty in children with precocious puberty since the 1980s. Recently, drugs like Lupron Depot (leuprolide acetate), have been used to suppress pubertal progression in adolescents who are questioning their gender identity. However, few preclinical studies have been conducted to investigate potential effects of using GnRH agonists in this context.

IL-7/IL7R axis dysfunction in adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): a cross-sectional study.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a worldwide leading cause of death. Recognized risk factors in some severe cases have not been identified. Lymphocytopenia has been frequently described in CAP.

A Cancer Health Needs Assessment Reveals Important Differences Between US-Born and Foreign-Born Latinos in California.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death among Latinos, the largest minority population in the United States (US). To address cancer challenges experienced by Latinos, we conducted a catchment area population assessment (CAPA) using validated questions from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) population health assessment supplement at our NCI-designated cancer center in California.

Methods: A mixed-methods CAPA was administered by bilingual-bicultural staff, with a focus on understanding the differences between foreign-born and US-born Latinos.

Daily GnRH agonist treatment effectively delayed puberty in female rats without long-term effects on sexual behavior or estrous cyclicity.

The present study examined the long-term effects of suppressing puberty with a GnRH agonist on reproductive physiology and behavior in female rats. We have recently reported that administration of the GnRH agonist leuprolide acetate (25 µg/kg) daily between postnatal day (PD) 25-50 delayed puberty and disrupted the development of copulatory behavior and sexual motivation in male rats. However, pilot data from our lab suggest that this low dose of leuprolide acetate (25 µg/kg) was not high enough to significantly delay puberty in female rats.

[Yield of two mortality predictors in immunocompetent patients with community acquired pneumonia].

Background: The severity of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be evaluated by the PSI and CURB-65 scales. However, it is unknown whether their predictive capacity varies according to the etiology of the disease.

Aim: To compare the performance of these scales in adults with viral, bacterial, mixed, and no agent detected CAP.

Circulation patterns of human seasonal Influenza A viruses in Chile before H1N1pdm09 pandemic.

Understanding the diversity and circulation dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses is key to public health decision-making. The limited genetic information of pre-pandemic seasonal IAVs in Chile has made it difficult to accurately reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of these viruses within the country. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile.

Fatal enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease in toddlers.

In 1967, two toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (FIRSV) in the United States died from enhanced RSV disease (ERD), a severe form of illness resulting from aberrant priming of the antiviral immune response during vaccination. Up to 80% of immunized children subsequently exposed to wild-type virus were hospitalized. These events hampered RSV vaccine development for decades.

Cyclovirus detection in Chilean adults with and without community-acquired pneumonia.

Cycloviruses (CyV) (genus Cyclovirus, family Circoviridae) are nonenveloped DNA viruses. The first report in humans was in 2010 and research has focused only on disease-associated human sample detection. The only HuACyV (CyCV-ChileNPA1, HuACyV10) reported in the Chilean population was in children (3.

Immunoglobulins concentration and B cell counts as severity markers in adult community-acquired pneumonia: Cross sectional study.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Immunoglobulins (Igs) and B cells quantification studies in CAP are few and show discrepancies. Serum IgA acts as a powerful natural anti-inflammatory factor, but its role in the CAP has not yet been defined.

[COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients in Colombia: Report of seven cases].

At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of a new coronavirus began and quickly spread throughout the world infecting and claiming thousands of lives. To date, certain comorbidities are known to be risk factors for unsatisfactory disease outcomes, but little has been reported regarding hemodialysis patients despite being a population at high risk of infection, complications, and death. Here we describe the clinical course, clinical manifestations and complications of COVID-19 in seven patients on permanent hemodialysis.

The health and condition responses of Delta Smelt to fasting: A time series experiment.

There is an extensive literature establishing, validating, and quantifying a wide range of responses of fishes to fasting. Our study complements this work by comparing fed and unfed treatments of hatchery-raised Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)-an imperiled fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Estuary and its tributaries in California, USA-across a diverse suite of endpoints over a two-month time series. The experiment was conducted at 15.

[Estimation of the effective reproduction number of measles 2018-2019 in Chile].

Background: Measles cases are reemerging in many countries across the globe. There was an outbreak of imported measles between November 2018 and February 2019 in Chile, raising concern among the public and health authorities. Many were worried about the Chilean measles herd immunity, a factor that relates to the reproductive capacity of the virus (measure of transmissibility of a pathogen).

[Calculating the risk of acquiring measles of chileans traveling abroad].

Background: There is always a risk of importing infectious diseases when travelling abroad.

Aim: To estimate the effective risk of a Chilean of acquiring measles during a travel by countries where measles outbreaks have been reported, considering the present level of immunity in the country.

Material And Methods: Previously established mathematical models using differential equations were applied to calculate the risk of acquiring measles of people traveling to endemic areas.

[Pectus excavatum y carinatum en el síndrome de Marfan y síndromes similares: prevalencia e impacto clínico pulmonar y cardiovascular].

Introduction: Pectus excavatum (PE) and carinatum (PC) are common in Marfan syndrome (SM) and similar syndromes (SS). Patients can evolve without symptoms. In some there is depression, social adjustment disorders, pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms in which there is controversy about their relationship with the structural damage of the thorax.

Initiating a Standardized Regional Referral and Counter-Referral System in Guatemala: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Few data exist for referral processes in resource-limited settings. We utilized mixed-methods to evaluate the impact of a standardized algorithm and training module developed for locally identified needs in referral/counter-referral procedures between primary health centers (PHCs) and a Guatemalan referral hospital. : PHC personnel and hospital physicians participated in surveys and focus groups pre-implementation and 3, 6, and 12 months post-implementation to evaluate providers' experience with the system.

Regional scale-up of an Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) training programme from a referral hospital to primary care health centres in Guatemala.

Objective: Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) was developed by the WHO to teach paediatric assessment, triage and initial management to healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited hospital-based settings. This study sought to evaluate the extension of ETAT training from a regional hospital to paediatric HCWs at local primary care health centres (PHCs) in Guatemala.

Methods: Prior to providing a 16 h ETAT training module, immediately after, and at 3, 6 and 12 months, we used written pre-tests and post-tests and five-point Likert surveys to evaluate, respectively, clinical knowledge and provider confidence in providing acute care paediatrics; hands-on clinical skills were tested at 3, 6 and 12 months.

Comparison of Luminex xTAG® RVP fast assay and real time RT-PCR for the detection of respiratory viruses in adults with community-acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the third cause of death worldwide. Viruses are frequently detected in adult CAP. Highly sensitive diagnostic techniques should be used due to poor viral shedding.

Cyclovirus in nasopharyngeal aspirates of Chilean children with respiratory infections.

Some respiratory tract infections remain unexplained despite extensive testing for common pathogens. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 120 Chilean infants from Santiago with acute lower respiratory tract infections were analysed by viral metagenomics, revealing the presence of nucleic acids from anelloviruses, adenovirus-associated virus and 12 known respiratory viral pathogens. A single sequence read showed translated protein similarity to cycloviruses.

Amyloid peptides ABri and ADan show differential neurotoxicity in transgenic Drosophila models of familial British and Danish dementia.

Background: Familial British and Familial Danish dementias (FBD and FDD, respectively) are associated with mutations in the BRI2 gene. Processing of the mutated BRI2 protein leads to the accumulation in the brain of the 34-mer amyloid Bri (ABri) and amyloid Dan (ADan) peptides, accompanied by neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, transgenic mice successfully reproduced different aspects of FDD, while modeling of FBD in vivo has been more difficult.

Human bocavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis, Chile, 1985-2010.

We detected human bocavirus in 89 (19.3%) of 462 fecal samples collected during 3 periods from 1985 through 2010 from children <5 years of age in Chile who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Our findings confirm the long-term circulation of human bocavirus in Chile.

Effects of month of breeding on reproductive efficiency of Holstein cows and heifers inseminated with sex-sorted or conventional semen in a hot environment.

The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of month of breeding on reproduction performance of Holstein heifers and cows inseminated with sex-sorted or conventional semen in a hot environment. Pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI; 64,666 services over an 8-year period) both in heifers (n = 22,313) and cows (n = 42,353) from a large dairy herd in northern Mexico (26°N) were evaluated with the GENMOD procedure of SAS, with respect to month of AI. Overall, P/AI with sex-sorted semen was greater (P < 0.

Relationship between severity of adult community-acquired pneumonia and impairment of the antioxidant defense system.

Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has been reported in some infectious diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim was to assess the antioxidant status in adults with CAP and its relationship with clinical severity at admission. Fifty-nine patients with CAP were enrolled and categorized at admission by the FINE score, from July 2010 to October 2012.

Community-acquired pneumonia in Chile: the clinical relevance in the detection of viruses and atypical bacteria.

Background: Adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a relevant worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, however the aetiology often remains uncertain and the therapy is empirical. We applied conventional and molecular diagnostics to identify viruses and atypical bacteria associated with CAP in Chile.

Methods: We used sputum and blood cultures, IgG/IgM serology and molecular diagnostic techniques (PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR) for detection of classical and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae) and respiratory viruses (adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenzavirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus) in adults >18 years old presenting with CAP in Santiago from February 2005 to September 2007.

Role of neutralizing antibodies in adults with community-acquired pneumonia by respiratory syncytial virus.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been implicated in the etiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated RSV infection in Chilean adults with CAP using direct viral detection, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR), and serology (microneutralization assay).

Methods: RSV, other respiratory viruses, and bacteria were studied by conventional and molecular techniques in adults aged ≥18 years presenting with CAP to the healthcare facilities in Santiago, Chile from February 2005 through December 2007.