A survey of the members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons and factors associated with well-being.

Objective: The goal of this study was to survey the members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons (ASPN) to assess the prevalence and associated risks of burnout among pediatric neurosurgeons. The authors aimed to identify the factors that most significantly contributed to this risk to provide a baseline group of characteristics to improve physician well-being.

Methods: Institutional Review Board approval from the University of Arizona was obtained, and the 7-question and 9-question Mayo Physician Well-Being Index (WBI) was distributed to members of the ASPN (n = 275).

Utility of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Preterm Infants with Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage and Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) are the most common brain injuries in preterm infants. Neonates with these injuries are at greater risk of impaired neurodevelopmental outcome. Current guidelines recommend screening infants with cranial ultrasound (CUS); however, this is prone to missing subtle injury patterns, particularly within the posterior fossa.

FABP4-mediated lipid accumulation and lipolysis in tumor associated macrophages promote breast cancer metastasis.

Unlabelled: A high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poorer prognosis and survival in breast cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that lipid accumulation in TAMs can promote tumor growth and metastasis in various models. However, the specific molecular mechanisms that drive lipid accumulation and tumor progression in TAMs remain largely unknown.

Appearance of intracranial cottonoids on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

To our knowledge, this is a unique report of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) of an intracranial cottonoid. The current literature describes images of cottonoids as a post-operative finding in the setting of an unintentionally retained foreign body; however, the iMRI images we present are important as the use of iMRI in the resection of complex tumors and epilepsy foci increases. This series of images was obtained during a craniotomy for tumor resection of a patient with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.

In utero Diagnosis of Spinal Dermal Sinus.

Introduction: Congenital dermal sinus (CDS) is an open neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs in 1 in 2,500 births a year and often goes undetected until patients present with complications like infection and neurological deficits. Early diagnosis and repair of CDS may prevent formation of these complications. In utero diagnosis of these lesions may improve long-term outcomes by enabling referral to specialty services and planned postnatal repair; however, only 2 such cases have been reported in the literature.

Subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and fracture triad as a clinical predictor for the diagnosis of child abuse.

Objective: Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is a major cause of traumatic death during infancy and early childhood. Several findings are known to raise the index of clinical suspicion: subdural hematoma (SDH), retinal hemorrhage (RH), fracture, and external trauma. Combinations of certain injury types, determined via statistical frequency associations, may assist clinical diagnostic tools when child abuse is suspected.

Cell Cycle Regulation by NF-YC in Eye Imaginal Disc: Implications for Synchronization in the Non-Proliferative Region.

Cell cycle progression during development is meticulously coordinated with differentiation. This is particularly evident in the 3rd instar eye imaginal disc, where the cell cycle is synchronized and arrests at the G1 phase in the non-proliferative region (NPR), setting the stage for photoreceptor cell differentiation. Here, we identify the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-YC (NF-YC) as a crucial player in this finely tuned progression, elucidating its specific role in the synchronized movement of the morphogenetic furrow.

Enlarging traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm from a lacrosse ball injury: illustrative case.

Background: The development of a mobile, growing, pulsatile mass after blunt head trauma to the forehead area, resulting in a superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm, is a very rare outcome. Most pseudoaneurysms are diagnosed with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging and treated via resection or, occasionally, embolization.

Observations: The authors describe a case of a young male lacrosse player who presented with a bulging, partially pulsatile mass in the right forehead region 2 months after trauma from a high-velocity ball striking his head while helmeted.

5-Aminolevulinic acid-assisted resection of pediatric dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: illustrative case.

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is approved as an adjunct for the resection of high-grade gliomas and is associated with improved outcomes. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) are benign glioneural tumors occurring primarily in pediatric patients and often manifesting with seizure disorder. The goal of the surgical intervention is to obtain gross-total resection, which is associated, in the majority of cases, with seizure freedom.

A Rare Neonatal Intramedullary Immature Teratoma Undiagnosed in utero: A Case Report.

Background And Importance: Immature teratoma is a known pediatric tumor. However, spinal variants are rare and can present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly regarding aggression as it pertains to extent of resection, likelihood of recurrence and concordant prognosis, and the need and efficacy of adjuvant therapies.

Clinical Presentation: The patient is a 27-day-old female who presented with 10 days of poor feeding, irritability, and progressive hypotonia.

Neurosurgical management of a rare congenital supratentorial neurenteric cyst with associated nasal dermal sinus: case report.

The authors describe the case of a patient with the classic clinical presentation and radiographic features of a nasal dermal sinus with an associated intracranial cyst; however, histopathology revealed that the intracranial cyst was neurenteric instead of the typical epidermoid or dermoid cyst. Preoperative assessment included CT and MRI, which revealed a direct communication between the patient's nasal polypoid lesion and the anterior skull base via the foramen cecum. At the hands of a multidisciplinary plastic surgery and neurosurgery team, the patient underwent concurrent gross-total resection of the nasal polypoid lesion, the intracranial intradural cystic lesion, and their interconnecting tract.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau is Increased in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients who Undergo Successful Lumbar Drain Trials.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a neurologic disease that affects <1% of those aged >65 years, but is difficult to distinguish from other diseases that present in this age group, such as Alzheimer's disease. Large volume lumbar puncture and an external lumbar drain trial (ELD) are used to make a clinical diagnosis of INPH, but the accuracy of ELD is suspected.

Objective: To investigate proteomic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker patterns in patients with INPH undergoing ELD to develop a quantitative diagnostic.

Transanal presentation of a distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter: Management of bowel perforation without laparotomy.

Background: Bowel perforation is a serious but rare complication after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) procedure. Prior studies have reported spontaneous bowel perforation after VPS placement in adults of up to 0.07%.

Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) as a Cognitive Evaluation Tool for Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

External lumbar drainage (ELD) is recognized as a screening method for ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (VPS) candidacy for possible normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). This study focused on the ELD predictability of the cognitive outcome after VPS for NPH. In addition, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was examined in ELD cognition screening.

Reinnervating the penis in spina bifida patients in the United States: ilioinguinal-to-dorsal-penile neurorrhaphy in two cases.

Introduction: Penile sensation is absent in some patients with myelomeningocele owing to the dysfunction of the pudendal nerve. Here, we describe the introduction of penile sensation via ilioinguinal-to-dorsal-penile neurorrhaphy in two patients with penile anesthesia due to neural tube defects.

Aim: To establish penile sensation via ilioinguinal-to-dorsal-penile-nerve neurorrhaphy.

Symptomatic spinal cord compression from an intradural arachnoid cyst with associated syrinx in a child: case report.

Symptomatic intradural extramedullary arachnoid cysts in children are rare, and of the previously reported pediatric cases in the current literature, none to our knowledge were associated with a spinal cord syrinx. We describe an 8-year-old child who presented with paraparesis and regression of bowel and bladder control. An intradural extramedullary arachnoid cyst was identified on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, with an associated spinal cord syrinx.

Rapid sequence magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of children with hydrocephalus.

Objective: Recent reports have shown the utility of rapid-acquisition magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with hydrocephalus. Rapid sequence MRI (RS-MRI) acquires clinically useful images in seconds without exposing children to the risks of ionizing radiation or sedation. We review our experience with RS-MRI in children with shunts.