[Prevalence and risk factors of delirium in COVID-19].

Objective: To assess the frequency and risk factors of delirium in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Material And Methods: Four hundred and forty patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital of the University Clinical Hospital No.3 of Sechenov University were included in the study.

[Psychopharmacotherapy of late-stage hypochondriac conditions: frequency of use and effectiveness of drugs].

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of psychopharmacotherapy effectiveness in hypochondriac disorders of late age and to identify the optimal combinations of drugs depending on the thymopathic (hypothymic and/or anxiety) components accompanying the main hypochondriac manifestation.

Material And Methods: One hundred and eight female inpatients, aged from 50 to 88 years, with leading hypochondriac symptoms of non-delusional level were enrolled in the study. All patients were examined clinically and psychopathologically using psychometric scales: the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the hypochondria rating scale and the UKU side-effect rating scale.

[The current state and future prospects of depression research (clinical and classification problems)].

Despite decades of research, neurobiological studies of depression haven't achieved significant results. Many experts propose that one of the main reasons for this failure is current diagnostic standards not considering the heterogeneity and polymorphism of depression. Research is unable to identify specific neurobiological changes due to formal diagnosis 'major depressive disorder' and new diagnostic criteria are needed.

[Genetic and clinical predictors of treatment efficacy in depressive disorders].

Aim: To study clinical and genetic characteristics that impact on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders.

Material And Methods: The study included 188 patients with unipolar depressive disorders of different genesis (psychogenic, endogenous and organic). A clinical-psychopathological method and depression psychometric scales were used.

[The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: Depression scales/questionnaires in elderly].

Aim: To study possibilities of using depression scales in elderly patients, evaluate the parameters of their reliability and validity and develop practical recommendations on the use of these scales in clinical practice.

Material And Methods: The study included 234 patients, aged over 50 years, with anxious depression. The following scales/questionnaires BDI, GDS-15, CES-D-10, CES-D-20, ZDS and HADS-D were used at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment.

[The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: anxiety scales/questionnaires].

Aim: To describe the specifics of using self-report anxiety scales in elderly patients, determine the parameters of their reliability and validity and develop recommendations on the use of these scales.

Material And Methods: The study included 234 patients, aged over 50 years, with non-psychotic anxiety disorders. The following scales/questionnaires BAI, GAI, STAI, ZAS, HADS were used at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment.

[An increase in the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions: combination and substitution of antidepressants].

Objective: To comprehensively analyze the possibilities of using the methods of correction of non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions.

Material And Methods: Methods of potentiating, combination and substitution of non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions were studied.

Results And Conclusion: Indications to the use and specific algorithms of substitution and addition of antidepressants in non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions have been developed.

[The efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late onset depression: the optimization of treatment duration].

Objective: To analyze possibilities of using different methods to increase the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late onset depression, in particular to increase treatment duration.

Material And Methods: The study included 378patients, aged from 50 to 82 years (mean age 60.6±8.

[The association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and the efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors].

Objective: To search for the association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and the efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Material And Methods: The complex clinical/psychopathological and genetic study of 38 patients with depression treated with SSRIs was carried out.

Results And Conclusion: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with the rate of achievement of remission and tolerability of treatment: carriers of the SS genotype achieved remission less frequently and more frequently experienced side-effects.

[Remote consequences of the long-term uncontrollable consumption of anxiolytics and hypnotics in elderly: a problem of drug dependence].

Aim: To identify main clinical/psychopathological characteristics of aged psychiatric inpatients who regularly used anxiolytic and hypnotic benzodiazepines without control from the physician.

Material And Methods: Authors examined 56 women over 50 years hospitalized due to a psychiatric disorder. Before admission, they regularly used benzodiazepines without a prescription for more than 2 months.

[Current state and potential of pharmacogenetic studies in the treatment of depression].

In this literature review, we consider pharmacological studies in the aspect of functioning of cerebral neurochemical systems and their role in the development of depression and mechanisms of antidepressant action. The following sections of the review are devoted to the above issues: adrenoreceptors, serotonin transporter protein, dopamine transporter protein, monoamine oxidase A, catechol-O-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, G-proteins, the glutamatergic system.

[Treatment of depression: the current state and perspectives of the development of pharmacological studies].

A review of literature over the last two decades is presented. It is emphasized that psyachopharmacotherapy currently remains a main method of treatment of severe and moderate depression. Pharmacogenetic studies are directed mainly towards the identification of probable targets based on pharmacokinetcs and pharmacodynamics of andidepressants as well as the aspect of identification of probably predictors for treatment response.

[Remote consequences of the long-term uncontrolled use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs by elderly patients: cognitive disorders].

Objective: Frequents cases (10-30% of the elderly population) of regular long-term use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs, in particular, benzodiazepines, without control of the physician is an urgent problem of medicine worldwide. Severe and irreversible cognitive impairment is a frequent and severe consequence of this use. Authors studied cognitive impairment in these cases.

[Anxiety disorders in elderly patients: psychopathological characteristics, diagnosis, similarities and differences with anxious depression].

Objective: There are two points of view on the relation between anxiety and depression: they are comorbid diseases or they are symptoms of the same disease. This inconsistency complicates the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders in clinical practice, in particular in elderly patients. We attempted to study the nosological structure of anxiety states in elderly patients and work out recommendations on differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders and depressions.

[Effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy of late hypochondriac depression].

Hypochondriac depression is typical for elderly people and is difficult to treat. An aim of the study was to estimate the effect of hypochondriac symptoms on the effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy of late depression. It has been shown that psychopharmacotherapy of late depression with hypochondriac symptoms is significantly less effective than that of depression without such symptoms.

Tuberculosis in adolescents and young patients in high prevalence region.

The study aims to determine what forms of tuberculosis (TB) are the most common in high prevalence region, establishes the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the region, and reveals the key risk factors of the disease as well as assesses the health status of adolescents with tuberculosis. For 10 years, regional anti-tuberculosis hospital in Smolensk has been collecting data from all TB patients aged 14-34 years. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on specific radiological data and detection of M.

[Hypochondriac symptoms in late-onset depression: the relationship between hypochondria and somatic state of patients].

Authors studied 276 women with late-onset depression. Concomitant chronic somatic diseases were identified in 90%. The presence of disease and its nosological definition did not impact on the development of hypochondriac symptoms in patients with late-onset depression.

[The optimization of the late-life depression assessment scale and recommendations for its practical use].

The authors elaborated earlier the late-life depression assessment scale (version 1.0) which proved to be effective for the diagnosis and description of the structure and severity of depression in elderly patients. In this paper, they have improved this scale by adding corrections in the scale structure and dimensionality of assessment items.

[Late-onset depression and a new psychometric scale for its clinical evaluation].

The most of existed psychometric scales for depression have some shortcomings hampering their use in old patients. The authors worked out the original scale for clinical evaluation of symptoms of late-onset depression. The list of symptoms was made up basing on literature data.

[Depressive disorders in elderly patients: an attempt of psychometric assessment with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale].

The objectives of this paper were to choose a psychometric scale that meets requirements for "comparison standard" in elaboration of new methods for psychometric assessment of late depression and to evaluate distortion of results for standard scale used in elderly patients. Based on the literature analysis, authors chosed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) as an etalon. The comparative analysis of MADRS scores and results of psychopathological evaluation revealed distortions of MADRS scores related to elder age.

[The experience of using the atypical antipsychotic sertindole in psychiatric inpatient clinics in Russia].

One hundred and fifty psychiatrists from 61 clinics of 30 cities located in 8 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the study. The study included 896 patients treated with sertindole. The duration of illness was from 1 month to 50 years (mean 9,55 ± 8,21), a number of previous relapses varied from 0 to 20 and more (mean 5,79 ± 6,68).

[Prevalence and structure of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure in a therapeutic hospital].

We carried out retrospective analysis of 219 case histories of patients with chronic heart failure admitted to a general medical hospital. Anemia (hemoglobin level below 130 g/l in men and below 120g/l in women) was found in 23.3% of cases.

[Depressive disturbances during antiviral therapy in patients with type C hepatitis].

The article presents the results of a clinico-psychopathological study of depressive disorder (DD) in 91 patients with chronic C hepatitis and no psychiatric background during combined antiviral therapy (AVT) with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin. Depression developed in 39 or 43% of the patients. Moderate or severe depressions (46% and 31%, respectively) prevailed.

[Case of intestinal adenocarcinoma].

The article describes the clinical picture and particular features of the diagnostics of the neoplastic process with uncommon localization--intestinal adenocarcinoma. The authors present their own observations.

[Social hygienic study of motor activity in children of school age].

Findings on motor activity impact on health status of children of primary school age are discussed. It is revealed that among first grade children dynamics of health conditions, physical development and physical readiness and characteristics of cardiac rhythm regulation evenly are impacted by regimen of disciplined motor activity during school year. At that, actual and as a rule increased school load of growing child combined with decreased motor activity negatively impacts health and morphologic functional characteristics of first grade children.