Crystal structures of non-uracil ring fragments in complex with Mycobacterium tuberculosis uracil DNA glycosylase (MtUng) as a starting point for novel inhibitor design: A case study with the barbituric acid fragment.

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG or Ung) is a key enzyme involved in uracil excision from the DNA as a repair mechanism. Designing Ung inhibitors is thus a promising strategy to treat different cancers and infectious diseases. The uracil ring and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ung (MtUng), resulting from specific and strong binding with the uracil-binding pocket (UBP).

An Alternative Role of RluD in the Fidelity of Translation Initiation in Escherichia coli.

The fidelity of initiator tRNA (i-tRNA) selection in the ribosomal P-site is a key step in translation initiation. The highly conserved three consecutive G:C base pairs (3GC pairs) in the i-tRNA anticodon stem play a crucial role in its selective binding in the P-site. Mutations in the 3GC pairs (3GC mutant) render the i-tRNA inactive in initiation.

Use of a molecular beacon based fluorescent method for assaying uracil DNA glycosylase (Ung) activity and inhibitor screening.

Uracil DNA glycosylases are an important class of enzymes that hydrolyze the N-glycosidic bond between the uracil base and the deoxyribose sugar to initiate uracil excision repair. Uracil may arise in DNA either because of its direct incorporation (against A in the template) or because of cytosine deamination. Mycobacteria with G, C rich genomes are inherently at high risk of cytosine deamination.

Stromal-AR influences the growth of epithelial cells in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Activation of epithelial-AR signaling is identified as the major cause of hyperproliferation of the cells during benign and malignant prostate conditions. However, the contribution of stromal-AR is also precarious due to its secretory actions that contribute to the progression of benign and malignant tumors. The present study was aimed to understand the influence of stromal-AR mediated actions on epithelial cells during BPH condition.

Preoperative Wire Localization of the Breast on the Day Before Surgery.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of preoperative wire localization performed one day prior to surgery and the relationship between the time interval following wire placement with migration distance within the time-window examined.

Methods: Two trials were performed with next-day mammography to assess migration. Trial 1 used a standard hooked wire (50 patients, 61 wires).

Use of Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Management of Discordant Core Biopsy Results.

Evaluating concordance between core biopsy results and imaging findings is an integral component of breast intervention. Pathologic results deemed benign discordant reflect concern that a malignancy may have been incorrectly sampled. Standard of care currently is surgical excision, although a large percentage of these lesions will be benign at final pathologic analysis.

Preventing Ventilator-Associated Infections.

Mechanical ventilator use is fraught with risk of complications. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication that prolongs stays on the ventilator and increases mortality and costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the use of the term, ventilator-associated event.

Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc7 suppresses DNA re-replication.

To maintain genetic stability, the entire mammalian genome must replicate only once per cell cycle. This is largely achieved by strictly regulating the stepwise formation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC), followed by the activation of individual origins of DNA replication by Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase. However, the mechanism how Cdc7 itself is regulated in the context of cell cycle progression is poorly understood.

Practices, Beliefs, and Perceived Barriers to Adolescent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening in the Emergency Department.

Objective: Limited data exist regarding knowledge of and compliance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's universal adolescent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening recommendations. Our objective was to assess current guideline knowledge, practice, and perceived barriers to emergency department (ED)-based adolescent HIV screening.

Methods: We administered an anonymous Web-based cross-sectional survey from May 1, 2012, to June 30, 2012, to 1073 physicians from the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine LISTSERV.

Pediatric primary care provider practices, knowledge, and attitudes of human immunodeficiency virus screening among adolescents.

Objectives: To evaluate pediatric primary care provider (PCP) HIV screening practices, knowledge, and attitudes.

Study Design: Anonymous cross-sectional, internet-based survey of pediatric PCPs from 29 primary care practices. Survey items assessed current HIV screening practices and knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers towards screening.