[The multidirectional effects of thrombin and the possibility of their control in neurology].

The review presents the main physiological functions of thrombin. The procoagulant and anticoagulant activities of the key serine protease are discussed in both physiological and pathological conditions of hemostasis. The involvement of thrombin in atherogenesis, as well as its role as a mediator of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in both the peripheral and central nervous system, is highlighted.

The Role of Purinergic Receptors in the Circadian System.

The circadian system is an internal time-keeping system that synchronizes the behavior and physiology of an organism to the 24 h solar day. The master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), resides in the hypothalamus. It receives information about the environmental light/dark conditions through the eyes and orchestrates peripheral oscillators.

[The dynamics of the morbidity rate of stroke in the Dagestan Republic].

Results of the first epidemiologic survey of cerebral stroke in the Dagestan Republic (DR) carried out in 2009--2010 are presented. Using a population register, we evaluated the dynamics of the morbidity rate of stroke and effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention of stroke. There were 7533 cases of stroke, including 4116 in 2009 and 3413 in 2010.

[Season fluctuations of carbamazepine and valproate concentration in patients with epilepsy].

We studied 107 patients with epilepsy who received monotherapy with valproic acid drugs (58) and carbamazepine (49). The seasonal distribution of number and severity of seizures assessed with the NHS3 scale in dependence of Cmin and Cmax content of antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and valproates in the serum of patients was estimated. There was a significant increase in the number of seizures and their severity in the cycle spring>autumn>summer>winter.

[Nootropics and antioxidants in the complex therapy of symptomatic posttraumatic epilepsy].

To study the possibility of application of nootropics and antioxidants in the complex antiepileptic therapy, we examined 75 patients with symptomatic focal posttraumatic epilepsy. A statistically significant reduction in the number of epileptic seizures, improvement of cognitive function and quality of life of the patients as well as a decrease in the severity of depression and epileptic changes in the EEG were identified. The potentiation of antiepileptic activity of basic drugs, normalization of brain's electrical activity and reduction in EEG epileptiform activity, in particular coherent indicators of slow-wave activity, were noted after treatment with the antioxidant mexidol.

[Concentrations of urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin during the treatment of patients with epilepsy: a pilot clinical trial].

The effect of the epiphysis hormone melatonin on the brain bioelectrical activity is understudied: the data of experimental and clinical studies of melatonin effects are inconclusive and related mostly to exogenous administration. We studied 43 patients with focal epilepsy, 25 patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and 18 with symptomatic epilepsy. Carbamazepine and valproate were used as anticonvulsive drugs.

[The analysis of risk factors for acute stroke in Dagestan].

Results of the first epidemiologic survey of cerebral stroke in Dagestan carried out in 2009 using a method of population register are presented. Arterial hypertension was on the first place (98.5%) among risk factors.

[The methodology on the study of blink reflex and its normative parameters].

The study of blink reflex is a modern and high informative method of electroneurophysiological diagnosis. The data of clinical studies are controversial that confirm the actuality of the problem and indicate the necessity of universal approaches to methodology and interpretation of obtained results. We studied peculiarities of reflex electromyographic (EMG) components of blink reflex of the circular eye muscle during the electric stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in 31 healthy people.

[Autonomous component in cervicocranial pains and grounds for its pathogenetic treatment].

An analysis of an autonomous component of the pain syndrome has been performed in 484 patients with neck and head pain syndromes. The frequency of autonomous disorders in this cohort reaches 84,7%. Autonomous dysregulation in different nosological groups as assessed with the A.

[Autochronometry in patients with focal epilepsy].

A study included 163 patients with focal cryptogenic and symptomatic forms of epilepsy and 47 sex- and age-matched controls. Disturbances of autochronometry in epileptic patients were studied with regard to character, duration, severity, seasonality of seizures and localization of pathological activity in EEG. The elongation of internal count of chronominutes and the ratio of individual chronominute to duration of daylight hours suggest either the approach of a seizure or the early post seizure period, the effect of the completed seizure.

[Therapeutic blockades and reflexotherapy in the complex treatment of tension headache].

The analysis of treatment effectiveness was carried out in 138 patients with tension headache. Patients of group 1 received fluoxetine in dose 20-40 mg/day during not less than 3 months and tizanidini in dose 4-8 mg/day during not less than 2 weeks. Patients of group 2 were assigned to therapeutic blockades of the occipital nerve and trigger points of cervico-cranial area using local anesthetics (2.

[Association study of the SCN1 gene polymorphism and effective dose of lamotrigine].

An association between a polymorphism of the SCN1 gene, a therapeutical target of lamotrigine, and an effective dose (a blood plasma concentration) of the drug in patients with epilepsy has been studied. Fifty patients with different forms of epilepsy have been genotyped for the SCN1 IVS5N+5 G>A polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of allelic variants was as follows: 23 patients had the mutant homozygous genotype (V/V), 20 - the heterozygous genotype Wt/V and 7 were homozygous for the wild allele (Wt/Wt).

[The possibilities of using himantane in the treatment of Parkinson's disease].

The domestic drug himantane has been used as a monotherapy in dosage 25 mg daily during 12 weeks in patients with Parkinson's disease. Patient's state has been assessed using clinical, electromyographic, electroneuromyographic, EEG and psychometric (UPDRS and other scales) methods. The preparation used is well tolerated, induces the significant decrease of movement disorders, i.

[Nonlinear EEG analysis in prognosis of pharmacoresistant therapy and evaluation of using millimeter (MM) therapy in its treatment].

A comparative study of neurophysiologic characteristics of 84 patients with symptomatic posttraumatic localized epilepsy with secondary-generalized seizures and a comparative evaluation of efficacy of basic antiepileptic drug therapy combined with millimeter (MM) therapy have been conducted. A high efficacy of low-intensity MM-waves in combination with basic antiepileptic therapy has been found. Frequency of seizures significantly decreased along with the normalization of bioelectric activity of the brain cortex.

[The neurophysiological analysis of symptomatic post-traumatic epilepsy].

To identify correlates of epilepsy development in patients after brain injury, the authors carried out a comparative assessment of the spatial organization of brain electrical activity in patients with consequences of closed craniocerebral injury without epilepsy (53 patients) and in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy (43 patients). A control group included 15 subjects. The EEG study with spectral coherent analysis allows to predict post-traumatic epilepsy and to use a differential approach in prescribing the appropriate anticonvulsive therapy to people after head injury.