F@#k Pain! The Effect of Taboo Language and Gesture on the Experience of Pain.

Swearing has been shown to reduce the experience of pain in a cold pressor task, and the effect has been suggested to be due to state aggression. In the present experiment, we examined whether producing a taboo gesture (i.e.

Learning From Gesture and Action: An Investigation of Memory for Where Objects Went and How They Got There.

Speakers often use gesture to demonstrate how to perform actions-for example, they might show how to open the top of a jar by making a twisting motion above the jar. Yet it is unclear whether listeners learn as much from seeing such gestures as they learn from seeing actions that physically change the position of objects (i.e.

Reaching for the high note: judgments of auditory pitch are affected by kinesthetic position.

Auditory pitch is represented on a vertical continuum (e.g., high vs.

The role of gesture as simulated action in reinterpretation of mental imagery.

In two experiments, we examined the role of gesture in reinterpreting a mental image. In Experiment 1, we found that participants gestured more about a figure they had learned through manual exploration than about a figure they had learned through vision. This supports claims that gestures emerge from the activation of perception-relevant actions during mental imagery.

Does gesture strengthen sensorimotor knowledge of objects? The case of the size-weight illusion.

Co-speech gestures have been proposed to strengthen sensorimotor knowledge related to objects' weight and manipulability. This pre-registered study (https://www.osf.

Gesture as simulated action: Revisiting the framework.

The Gesture as Simulated Action (GSA) framework was proposed to explain how gestures arise from embodied simulations of the motor and perceptual states that occur during speaking and thinking (Hostetter & Alibali, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 495-514, 2008). In this review, we revisit the framework's six main predictions regarding gesture rates, gesture form, and the cognitive cost of inhibiting gesture. We find that the available evidence largely supports the main predictions of the framework.

The role of retrieval practice in memory and analogical problem-solving.

Retrieval practice (e.g., testing) has been shown to facilitate long-term retention of information.

Gesture-speech integration in children with specific language impairment.

Background: Previous research suggests that speakers are especially likely to produce manual communicative gestures when they have relative ease in thinking about the spatial elements of what they are describing, paired with relative difficulty organizing those elements into appropriate spoken language. Children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit poor expressive language abilities together with within-normal-range nonverbal IQs.

Aims: This study investigated whether weak spoken language abilities in children with SLI influence their reliance on gestures to express information.

Action attenuates the effect of visibility on gesture rates.

Much evidence suggests that semantic characteristics of a message (e.g., the extent to which the message evokes thoughts of spatial or motor properties) and social characteristics of a speaking situation (e.

When do gestures communicate? A meta-analysis.

Do the gestures that speakers produce while talking significantly benefit listeners' comprehension of the message? This question has been the topic of many research studies over the previous 35 years, and there has been little consensus. The present meta-analysis examined the effect sizes from 63 samples in which listeners' understanding of a message was compared when speech was presented alone with when speech was presented with gestures. It was found that across samples, gestures do provide a significant, moderate benefit to communication.

Gesture-speech integration in narrative: Are children less redundant than adults?

Speakers sometimes express information in gestures that they do not express in speech. In this research, we developed a system that could be used to assess the redundancy of gesture and speech in a narrative task. We then applied this system to examine whether children and adults produce non-redundant gesture-speech combinations at similar rates.

Visible embodiment: gestures as simulated action.

Spontaneous gestures that accompany speech are related to both verbal and spatial processes. We argue that gestures emerge from perceptual and motor simulations that underlie embodied language and mental imagery. We first review current thinking about embodied cognition, embodied language, and embodied mental imagery.

Now you see me, now you don't: evidence that chimpanzees understand the role of the eyes in attention.

Chimpanzees appear to understand something about the attentional states of others; in the present experiment, we investigated whether they understand that the attentional state of a human is based on eye gaze. In all, 116 adult chimpanzees were offered food by an experimenter who engaged in one of the four experimental manipulations: eyes closed, eyes open, hand over eyes, and hand over mouth. The communicative behavior of the chimpanzees was observed.

Grip morphology and hand use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): evidence of a left hemisphere specialization in motor skill.

Three experiments on grip morphology and hand use were conducted in a sample of chimpanzees. In Experiment 1, grip morphology when grasping food items was recorded, and it was found that subjects who adopted a precision grip were more right-handed than chimpanzees using other grips. In Experiment 2, the effect of food type on grasping was assessed.

The effect of thought structure on the production of lexical movements.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that participants who are expressing a thought that is encoded spatially will use more lexical movements than participants who are expressing a thought that is encoded textually. The 37 participants were divided into two groups and instructed to either watch a cartoon or read a description of the cartoon. Their video-taped responses were analyzed for the frequency and laterality of both lexical and motor movements.