Multi-scale habitat preference analyses for Azorean blue whales.

Blue whales are sighted every year around the Azores islands, which apparently provide an important seasonal foraging area. In this paper we aim to characterize habitat preferences and analyze the temporal distribution of blue whales around São Miguel Island. To do so, we applied Generalized Additive Models to an opportunistic cetacean occurrence dataset and remotely sensed environmental data on bathymetry, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration and altimetry.

Incineration of municipal and assimilated wastes in France: assessment of latest energy and material recovery performances.

Incineration has an important place in waste management in France. In 2003, around 130 incineration plants have treated 12.6 Mt of non-dangerous waste, mainly composed of household waste (10.

Five vs. ten days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children.

Background: Many publications in recent years have argued in favor of shortened therapy for acute otitis media. However, doubt persists regarding children younger than 2 years, and some authors therefore restrict short course therapy to children older than 2 years.

Methods: In a prospective, comparative, double blind, randomized, multicenter trial we compared cefpodoxime-proxetil, 8 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 10 days, with an identical 5-day regimen followed by a 5-day placebo period.

[-Skin eruption after the first dose of antitubercular quadri-therapy: consideration of pyrazinamide-].

Unlabelled: We report a rash after the first dose of antituberculosis polytherapy which raises questions concerning procedures to be followed.

Case Report: An 8-year-old child presented with a pruritic rash 1.5 hours after the first dose of isoniazide, rifampicine, pyrazinamide and ethambutol was simultaneously administered, which did not recur after successive re-administration of isoniazide and rifampicine.

[Toxicology of reproduction: predictive value of experimental models. Round Table No 1 at Giens XIII].

The carrying out of clinical trials with a view to the marketing of drugs for human use is directly related to results of some animal studies. This workshop was devoted to evaluation of the quality and interest of these experimental models in reproductive toxicology. The predictive ability of preclinical trials to make extrapolations from animals to man decreases from foetotoxic to tetratogenic risks respectively and from the effects on fertility in both sexes to postnatal risks.

[Esophageal involvement after tetracycline ingestion].

Between 1985 and 1992, 81 spontaneous oesophageal injuries associated with tetracycline were notified to the French Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres. The side effects were oesophageal ulcers (79 per cent), esophagitis (11 per cent) and dysphagia (10 per cent). Esophagitis and dysphagia appeared sooner (4 days) than the ulcers (15 days).

[Eruption after the 1st dose of standard antitubercular chemotherapy. Thoughts on pyrazinamide].

Unlabelled: We report 3 cases of rash after the first dose of antituberculosis polytherapy, thus raising questions concerning the procedures to be followed.

Case Report: Three patients developed a pruritic rash 1 hour after the first dose of isoniazide, rifampicine, pyrazinamide and ethambutol given simultaneously. The eruption did not recur after readministration of isoniazide and rifampicine successively.

[Syncope with long QT interval in a 39 day-old infant treated with cisapride].

Unlabelled: Cardiotoxicity of cisapride may increase when this drug is associated with ranitidine.

Case Report: A 37-day old term infant, treated with cisapride (1.2 mg/kg/d) and ranitidine for regurgitations, was hospitalized for malaise.

[Does stopping of oral feeding favour the occurrence of auriculoventricular block in premature infants treated with diphemanil?].

Background: Bradycardia in preterm infants may require anticholinergic therapy (diphemanil methylsulphate). Such treatment may cause prolongation of QT interval and auriculoventricular block.

Case Reports: Three premature infants born before 34 weeks of gestational age were given 6-8 mg/kg/d diphemanil because they suffered from bradycardiac episodes.

[Isotretinoin (Roaccutane) in women of childbearing age: failure of following prescription guidelines].

Background: Despite prominent warnings, pregnancies continue to be reported in women exposed to isotretinoin.

Patients And Methods: We report results of the analysis of 318 questions asked to pharacovigilance structures in France from 1987 to 1995 because of an exposition to isotretinoin during the risk period and of a prospective inquiry concerning isotretinoin prescription in women conducted among pharmacists.

Results: These 318 pregnancies began during the month after Roaccutane withdrawal (n = 104, 33 p.

Study of the use of vitamin K in neonates in France.

Objective: Because of the risk of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn as a result of a deficit in vitamin K, it is generally agreed that newborns should receive vitamin K. However, there is no consensus concerning the route of administration, dose, number of doses, or dose frequency.

Methods: We studied patterns of vitamin K administration in all maternity hospitals in France in order to establish the range of practices and policies.

Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever.

Objective: We compared efficacy and impact on the comfort of ibuprofen (7.5 mg/kg per dose), aspirin (10 mg/kg/dose) and paracetamol (10 mg/kg per dose) on children with fever aged 6-24 months in an open, randomised study with three parallel groups.

Methods: The main criterion for efficacy was area under the curve (AUC) of percentage temperature reduction.

[Aseptic meningitis after mumps vaccination].

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of spontaneously reported aseptic meningitis (AM) in France following mumps vaccination with monovalent or multivalent vaccines containing the Urabe strain. Fifty-four cases of AM were reported to the regional drug surveillance centres or to the manufacturer from the time each vaccine was launched up until June 1992. Twenty cases were associated with the time off administration of a monovalent mumps vaccine and 34 with a trivalent measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR).

[Thrombocytopenic purpura after isolated or combined vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella].

A retrospective epidemiological survey was conducted to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) reported in France following measles, mumps or rubella vaccination with monovalent or multivalent vaccines. Sixty cases of TP were reported i.e an incidence/100,000 doses of 0.

[Methodology of preparing a list of educational objectives: example of application to pharmacology. Groupe Objectifs Pédagogiques de L'Association des Enseignants de Pharmacologie].

Using a structured approach to categorize pharmacological knowledge and a systemic analysis of prescribing practice, we identified the knowledge needed to optimally prescribe and manage treatments with drugs. The approach consisted in finding the branched chains of knowledge beginning with each operation required to solve each problem which arises in prescribing and managing drugs at the most elementary level. This elementary knowledge is then transformed into educational objectives.

[Modality of use of vitamin K in France in newborn infants].

Background: Because of the risk of hemorrhagic disease of the neonate secondary to vitamin K deficiency, it is generally agreed that neonates should be given vitamin K. There is however, no consensus concerning the route of administration, dose, number of doses, or dose frequency. It was therefore necessary to determine patterns of vitamin K administration in France.

Lidocaine plasma concentrations in pediatric patients after providing airway topical anesthesia from a calibrated device.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate plasma lidocaine concentrations in infants and children after laryngeal spray using a calibrated device. Twenty-one patients aged 3 to 24 mo requiring laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy were included in the study. Anesthesia was induced via a mask with halothane up to 2% in 100% O2.