Screening and Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity at The Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at The Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno.

Aim:  Evaluation of screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology.

Material And Methods:  Retrospective evaluation of the medical records of premature babies, born in the period 2012-2022 and treated at the Neonatology Department and the Neonatology ICU at the University Hospital Brno. On average 150 children annually are put forward for screening of ROP.

Risk of visual axis opacification in infants with and without primary IOL implantation after congenital cataract surgery performed during the first 4 months of age.

Purpose: The study evaluates the rate of postoperative formation of a pupillary membrane (PM) and posterior visual axis opacification (PVAO) in infants with and without primary IOL implantation during the first 4 months of infancy.

Methods: Medical records for 144 eyes (101 infants) operated between 2005 and 2014 were evaluated. A posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy were performed.

Anterior Chamber Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation for Treatment of High Anisometropia in Children: Long-term Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of anterior chamber iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation in the treatment of high myopic (> -9.00 diopters [D]) or hyperopic (> +6.00 D) anisometropia in children with intolerance to spectacles or contact lenses.

UVEAL MELANOMA IN A 15-YEAR-OLD GIRL. CASE REPORT.

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumour in adults, it is a form of cancer that affects mostly older adults, as the average age at detection of this tumour is 60 years, but it can occur in any age group with no significant gender difference. However, uveal melanoma is very rare in children compared to the adult population, accounting for 1 % of all cases. In pediatric patients, malignant uveal melanoma is more frequently manifested during puberty, leading to speculation of an association between uveal melanoma and growth hormone levels.

Emergency management in epidermolysis bullosa: consensus clinical recommendations from the European reference network for rare skin diseases.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of genetic disorders with the hallmark of fragility of the skin and mucosal surfaces. The severity of different types of EB varies markedly as does the occurrence of extra-cutaneous involvement and complications. A number of emergency situations may occur in the context of EB including obstruction to oral intake from oral or esophageal blisters or scarring, acute airway obstruction, acute urinary retention, sepsis and corneal erosions.

BILATERAL OPTIC DISC PIT WITH MACULOPATHY - THE CASE REPORT.

An optic disc pit is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic nerve disc. It occurs rarely, and in case of its bilateral occurance, it can be caused by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Ophthalmoscopically, the disc pit appears as an ovoid depression of the optic nerve disc.

Influence of Artificially Generated Interocular Blur Difference on Fusion Stability Under Vergence Stress.

The stability of fusion was evaluated by its breakage when interocular blur differences were presented under vergence demand to healthy subjects. We presumed that these blur differences cause suppression of the more blurred image (interocular blur suppression, IOBS), disrupt binocular fusion and suppressed eye leaves its forced vergent position. During dichoptic presentation of static grayscale images of natural scenes, the luminance contrast (mode B) or higher-spatial frequency content (mode C) or luminance contrast plus higher-spatial frequency content (mode A) were stepwise reduced in the image presented to the non-dominant eye.

Primary orbital teratoma - case study.

Teratomas are tumours deriving from embryonal stem cells. They consist of elements of all three germinal layers. Orbital localization of this type of tumour is very rare.

Idiopathic Chodoidal Neovascular Membrane in a 12-year-old Girl.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare but serious cause of visual impairment in children. The case report of a girl with a unilateral classical choroidal neovascular membrane has been presented. The differential diagnosis of possible etiology and the clinical course of this sight threatening condition during treatment have been documented.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 AND OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMA.

Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with optic pathway glioma.

Materials And Methods: Comparison of literature research on neurofibromatosis and optic pathway glioma with a cohort of pediatric patients treated at the Childrens Ophthalmology Clinic of the University Hospital in Brno from January 2013 until June 2018.

Discussion: The main challenge of this and other retrospective studies is variable intervals between ophthalmologic examinations.

Incomprehensible treatment of retinoblastoma with high doses of vitamin C.

Purposes: To inform about a case of neglected retinoblastoma that was left untreated for more than 3 years by parents. During this time period the local finding worsened from endophytic retinoblastoma group B according IIRC (ABC classification) to extraorbital propagation.

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood, that occurs approximately in 1 : 15-20 000 births worldwide.

[Iris melanoma in a child].

Iris melanomas are very rare in children. The paper presents the case of a 12-year-old boy with iris melanoma of spindle-cell type A and pre-operatively associated with uncontrolled secondary glaucoma. Tumour resection was complicated by lens extraction and consecutive PC IOL implantation.

[Haemangiomas are Common Benign Tumors of the Child].

The paper presents summary report which approaching the issue of this affection and includes a retrospective study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment modalitiesinfantilehemangiomasperiorbitalandorbitallocalizationin paediatric patients observed in the period 2009-2014 on the Childrens Eye Clinic.Key words: haemangiom, treatment modalities.

[Refractive Surgery in Children with Myopic Anisometropia and Amblyopia in Comparison with Conventional Treatment by Contact Lenses].

Unlabelled: Our study evaluated the visual and refractive results of LASEK and anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation performed for high myopic anisometropia with amblyopia and contact lens intolerance in children compared with conventional treatment by contact lenses.Fourty-three patients (Group A) aged 3 to 7 years (mean, 5,6 years) with high myopic anisometropia and amblyopia had performed multizonal LASEK (27 eyes) or pIOL Verisyse implantation (16 eyes) on the more myopic eye in general anesthesia. Surgery was followed by patching of the dominant eye.

[Treatment of Unilateral Amblyopia. Comparison of Methods CAM and CRCS Color Reversal Checkerboard Stimulation of Retina].

The authors evaluate the effectiveness of new method - Color Reversal Checkerboard Stimulation of the retina (CRCS) in the treatment of unilateral anisometropic amblyopia in group of total 157 children followed during the period 2008-2012 at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Masaryk University in Brno. The authors evaluate the improvement in best corrected visual acuity in groups of children with myopic and hyperopic anisometropia and compare the effectiveness of CRCS with a commonly used pleoptic method Campbell visual stimulator. Authors introduce an original method in the amblyopia treatment suitable to upgrade current methods of pleoptics.

[Rare ocular manifestation with suspect alport syndrome].

The authors mention a case report of a 13 year old girl with renal disease, who visited the outpatient Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno with subjective complaints on decreased vision of both eyes. Ophthalmologic examination showed physiological foveolar reflex on fundus and very discrete changes of the retinal pigment epithelium in macula, the fundus periphery was without pathology. OCT images showed bilateral atrophy of central macula and changes at the level of the photoreceptors.

[Eye manifestation of extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumour].

Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumour (EMRT) is very rare and aggresive childhood neoplasm with a rapid progression. The prognosis is still very poor with 80 % mortality rate. We report a case of a newborn baby with extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumour of an upper eyelid.

[Effects of intravitreal pegaptanib or bevacizumab and laser in treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II--four years results].

Purpose: To evaluate efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of pegaptanib or bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation for treatment of threshold stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affecting zone I and posterior zone II, and to compare the results in terms of regression, development of peripheral retinal vessels with conventional laser photocoagulation or combined with cryotherapy.

Methods: In this prospective comparative study, 174 eyes of 87 premature babies, from January 2008 to December 2011, were included. All infants were diagnosed with stage 3+ ROP for zone I or posterior II.

Intravitreal pegaptanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II.

Purpose: To investigate efficacy of intravitreal injection of pegaptanib and laser photocoagulation for treatment of stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affecting zone I and posterior zone II, and to compare the results in terms of regression, development of peripheral retinal vessels, and final structural outcome with conventional laser photocoagulation or combined with cryotherapy.

Methods: In a prospective comparative study, 152 eyes with zone I, II posterior ROP 3+ (76 premature rabies), from 2009 to 2011, were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravitreal pegaptanib (Macugen® 0.

[Drainage implants in surgical management of pediatric glaucoma].

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glaucoma drainage implants (Molteno and Baerveldt devices) in primary and secondary childhood glaucomas refractory to conventional surgical treatments and medical therapy.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study included 76 children (76 eyes) younger than 18 years who underwent glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in our clinic between 1990 and 2004. The mean age at time of surgery was 6.

[Long term outcomes of chronic abducens palsy surgical treatment in children and adults].

Abducent nerve palsy is the most frequent of the acquired palsies and occurs rarely on congenital basis. It is widely recommened to wait at least 6 mohths for possible return of sixth nerve function. After this period we consider surgical management.

[Anterior transposition or myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle in vertical deviation--long-term results].

Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle (ATIO) and myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle (MIO) are favorite methods for surgical correction of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), including patients with simultaneous inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA). In our comparative, randomized study we evaluated whether anterior transposition improves the surgical outcome compared to myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle. We included 82 eyes of 46 patients, 44 eyes treated with ATIO and 38 treated with MIO.

Complicated relationship between autism with regression and epilepsy.

We retrospectively evaluated a set of 205 children with autism and compared it to the partial sub-set of 71 (34.6%) children with a history of regression. From 71 children with regression, signs of epileptic processes were present in 43 (60.

[Surgery of Duane retraction syndrome I: comparison of unilateral recession and resection versus bilateral medial rectus recessions].

The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate a long-term efficacy of lateral rectus muscle resection in the affected eye of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with esotropia and limited abduction and to compare it with bilateral medial rectus recessions. We reviewed and compared the data of the group A with 23 patients who underwent a recession-resection procedure and the group B with 26 patients in whom we performed medial rectus recessions. In each group, we evaluated pre- and postoperatively the ocular alignment, head position, ocular ductions, severity of retraction, and binocular visual field.