Evaluation and treatment of rhinosinusitis with primary antibody deficiency in children: Evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: There is clear evidence that prevalence of primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is higher in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) than in the general population. The purpose of this multi-institutional and multidisciplinary evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) is to thoroughly review the literature on rhinosinusitis with PAD, summarize the existing evidence, and provide recommendations on the evaluation and management of rhinosinusitis in children with PAD.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed from inception through December 2023.

American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement: Indications and Recommendations for Septoplasty in Children.

The goal of this American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement (EPS) is to provide recommendations and guidance through evidence-based consensus statements regarding pediatric septoplasty. This EPS was developed following the previously published methodology and approval process. The topics of interest included appropriate indications, safety and efficacy, timing, relevant quality of life instruments, and surgical techniques.

New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2022.

Objective: To review new drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2022.

Data Sources: Publicly available FDA data on drugs and devices approved in 2022.

Review Methods: A preliminary screen was conducted to identify drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology.

Improvement in Quality of Life after Septoplasty in Children: a Systematic Review.

Septoplasty for nasal obstruction in the pediatric population shows positive outcomes in objective and subjective post-operative measurements. Septoplasty in children results in disease-related improvement in quality of life. Higher level studies are needed to confirm these results.

New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2021.

Objective: To evaluate new medical devices and drugs pertinent to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery that were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2021.

Data Sources: Publicly available FDA device and drug approvals from ENT (ear, nose, and throat), anesthesia, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and general surgery FDA committees.

Review Methods: FDA device and therapeutic approvals were identified and reviewed by members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Medical Devices and Drugs Committee.

Lipoblastomatosis: An unusual midline neck mass in a young child.

Lipoblastomatosis is an extremely rare condition and is often not recognized prior to final pathologic analysis. In this case, a two-year-old female child presented with a non-tender, submental midline neck mass which had enlarged very slowly over the course of five months. The differential diagnosis included lipoma, lymphatic malformation, and thyroglossal duct cycst and a surgical excision was planned.

Multi-institutional Comparison of Temporal Bone Models: A Collaboration of the AAO-HNSF 3D-Printed Temporal Bone Working Group.

Objective: The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation's (AAO-HNSF's) 3D-Printed Temporal Bone Working Group was formed with the goal of sharing information and experience relating to the development of 3D-printed temporal bone models. The group conducted a multi-institutional study to directly compare several recently developed models.

Study Design: Expert opinion survey.

New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2019.

Objective: To review new devices and drugs relevant to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery that were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019.

Data Sources: Approval notifications for 2019 were extracted from the ENT (ear, nose, and throat) and general and plastic surgery sections of the FDA's medical devices and therapeutics listings.

Review Methods: New therapeutics and medical devices identified from the query were analyzed by members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Medical Devices and Drugs Committee.

Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: First Report and Genetic Analysis of Two Related Patients.

Objectives: Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is a rare congenital anterior neck anatomical anomaly. We present the case of two related patients (grandchild and maternal grandmother) who were both born with a congenital midline cervical cleft along with genetic analysis.

Methods: Clinical examination of both patients and surgical excision of the grandchild was performed.

Development of augmented-reality applications in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Augmented reality (AR) allows for the addition of transparent virtual images and video to one's view of a physical environment. Our objective was to develop a head-worn, AR system for accurate, intraoperative localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks during open head and neck surgery.

Study Design: Face validity and case study.

Transoral robotic surgery for upper airway pathology in the pediatric population.

Objectives/hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to present one of the largest case series of pediatric transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the upper airway demonstrating a wide range of ages and indications.

Study Design: A retrospective case series at an academic tertiary referral center from August 2010 to September 2014.

Methods: The da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.

Pre-operative simulation of pediatric mastoid surgery with 3D-printed temporal bone models.

Objectives: As the process of additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, has become more practical and affordable, a number of applications for the technology in the field of pediatric otolaryngology have been considered. One area of promise is temporal bone surgical simulation. Having previously developed a model for temporal bone surgical training using 3D printing, we sought to produce a patient-specific model for pre-operative simulation in pediatric otologic surgery.

Multi-material 3D Models for Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation.

Hypothesis: A simulated, multicolor, multi-material temporal bone model can be created using 3-dimensional (3D) printing that will prove both safe and beneficial in training for actual temporal bone surgical cases.

Background: As the process of additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has become more practical and affordable, a number of applications for the technology in the field of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery have been considered. One area of promise is temporal bone surgical simulation.

Comprehensive quality of life outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Limited quality of life data exist for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Further exploration of the following areas will enhance understanding and support clinical decision-making: baseline and post-ESS general and disease-specific quality of life, parent vs. child report, and correlation of nasal endoscopy to sinus CT scores.

Surgical management of chronic sialorrhea in pediatric patients: 10-year experience from one tertiary care institution.

Background: Chronic sialorrhea is a common problem for pediatric patients with disorders that affect swallowing. While many patients are successfully treated with medical therapies such as Robinul and Scopolamine, a number of such children are not able to tolerate the side effects of these medications. In these cases, surgical treatments can include Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections into the major salivary glands, sublingual or submandibular gland excision (SMGE), submandibular duct ligation, parotid duct ligation (PDL), or any combination of the above procedures.

Expression of protease-activated receptors in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

Background: The etiology of the intense inflammatory response showed by patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) remains a mystery. Potential sources of this inflammation may include fungal proteases. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are components of the innate immune response that are modulated by proteolytic activity and are involved in potentiating T helper 2 (Th2) responses.

Chronic rhinosinusitis in children.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects nearly 37 million people in the United States each year and accounts for approximately $6 billion in direct and indirect health care costs. Despite its prevalence and significant impact, little is known about its exact cause and pathophysiology, and significant controversy remains regarding appropriate treatment options. Basic science research, however, has shown recent promise toward improving understanding of the innate and environmental factors underlying the pathophysiology of CRS.

Endoscopic skull base techniques for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

This review focuses on the anatomy and techniques for endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), as well as adjunctive and potential alternative treatments. JNA is a benign but locally aggressive vascular tumor that primarily affects adolescent boys. Traditionally, these tumors have been removed via open surgical approaches.

A review of the evaluation and management of velopharyngeal insufficiency in children.

This article highlights the most common causes of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), and discusses routine evaluation and treatment algorithms for the management of VPI in children. VPI is a multifactorial condition that occurs commonly in syndromic and non-syndromic children. The most common features of VPI are audible hypernasal speech, facial grimacing, decreased speech intelligibility, nasal regurgitation, and nasal emission from failure to produce oronasal separation.

Allergic fungal sinusitis in children.

Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a subtype of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by type I hypersensitivity, nasal polyposis, characteristic computed tomography scan findings, eosinophilic mucus, and the presence of fungus on surgical specimens without evidence of tissue invasion. This refractory subtype of CRS is of the great interest in the pediatric population, given the relatively early age of onset and the difficulty in managing AFS through commercially available medical regimens. Almost universally, a diagnosis of AFS requires operative intervention.