Metformin has heterogeneous effects on model organism lifespans and is beneficial when started at an early age in Caenorhabditis elegans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is growing interest in the use of metformin to extend lifespan and prevent the onset of age-related disorders in non-diabetic individuals. The impact of metformin on lifespan and aging has been studied in several model organisms, with varying effects. We conducted a systematic review of studies that performed laboratory experiments investigating the effect of metformin on overall lifespan in healthy Mus musculus mice and in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes.

2,109 randomized oncology trials map continuous, meager improvements in progression-free and overall survival over 50 years.

Objectives: To assess the patterns and time trends in overall survival and progression-free survival treatment effects across randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in oncology.

Study Design And Setting: A PubMed search for oncology network meta-analyses (NMAs) was carried (to September 30, 2021). Relevant hazard ratios were extracted for systemic treatments from RCTs in the NMAs.

Identification of threshold for large (dramatic) effects that would obviate randomized trials is not possible.

Objective: To analyze distribution of "dramatic", large treatment effects.

Study Design & Setting: Pareto distribution modeling of previously reported cohorts of 3,486 randomized trials (RCTs) that enrolled 1,532,459 patients and 730 non-randomized studies (NRS) enrolling 1,650,658 patients.

Results: We calculated the Pareto α parameter, which determines the tail of the distribution for various starting points of distribution [odds ratio (OR)].

Increased Pace of Aging in COVID-Related Mortality.

Identifying prognostic biomarkers and risk stratification for COVID-19 patients is a challenging necessity. One of the core survival factors is patient age. However, chronological age is often severely biased due to dormant conditions and existing comorbidities.

Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Association With Incident Trichomonas vaginalis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been associated with an increased risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections. We evaluated the association between BV and incident Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection in women.

Methods: MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.

Early Intubation and Increased Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: There has been controversy about the timing and indications for intubation and mechanical ventilation in novel coronavirus disease 2019. This study assessed the effect of early intubation and mechanical ventilation on all-cause, inhospital mortality for coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

An umbrella review of effect size, bias, and power across meta-analyses in emergency medicine.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to conduct an umbrella review of therapeutic studies relevant to emergency medicine, analyzing patterns in effect size, power, and signals of potential bias across an entire field of clinical research.

Methods: We combined topic- and journal-driven searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for published articles of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) relevant to emergency medicine (last search in November 2020). Data were screened and extracted by six investigators.

Presentation and Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease in Latin American Infants Younger Than 6 Months of Age: A Multinational Multicenter Study of the REKAMLATINA Network.

To characterize the clinical presentation and outcomes of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants <6 months of age as compared to those ≥6 months in Latin America. We evaluated 36 infants <6 months old and 940 infants ≥6 months old diagnosed with KD in Latin America. We compared differences in laboratory data, clinical presentation, treatment response, and coronary artery outcomes between the two cohorts.

GNAS, GNAQ, and GNA11 alterations in patients with diverse cancers.

Background: Advances in deep sequencing technology have uncovered a widespread, protumorigenic role of guanine nucleotide-binding (G protein) α (GNA) subunits, particularly GNA subunits Gs (GNAS), Gq (GNAQ), and G11 (GNA11) (GNA*), in a diverse collection of malignancies. The objectives of the current study were: 1) to determine GNA* aberration status in a cohort of 1348 patients with cancer and 2) to examine tumor mutational burden, overall survival rates, and treatment outcomes in patients with GNA*-positive tumors versus those with tumors that had wild-type GNA*.

Methods: For each patient, clinical and genomic data were collected from medical records.

Dynamics of co-authorship and productivity across different fields of scientific research.

We aimed to assess which factors correlate with collaborative behavior and whether such behavior associates with scientific impact (citations and becoming a principal investigator). We used the R index which is defined for each author as log(Np)/log(I1), where I1 is the number of co-authors who appear in at least I1 papers written by that author and Np are his/her total papers. Higher R means lower collaborative behavior, i.

Binding of Europium(III) to a non-nucleosidic phenanthroline linker in DNA.

Eu(III) complexes of DNA containing a non-nucleosidic linker, a derivative of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,6-dicarboxamide (Q), are studied with the goal of forming novel lanthanide ion binding sites that are incorporated in the backbone of DNA. One oligonucleotide is short and unstructured (TTTQTTT (QT6)) and the other (5'-AGCTCGGTCAQCGAGAGTGCA-3' (SQ)) is studied both in single-stranded form and in the presence of a partially complementary DNA strand. Luminescence spectroscopy studies show that Eu(III) binds to SQ, QT6, AQB, or QB 1100-, 56-, 23-, or 27-fold more tightly, respectively, than to a simple 1,10-phenanthroline-2,6-dicarboxamide ligand (Q1).