Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Penetration During Phonophoresis at 2 Ultrasound Frequencies.

Context: The effect of ultrasound frequency on phonophoresis drug delivery in humans is unknown.

Objective: To determine if a low (45-kHz) or high (1-MHz) frequency delivered a higher dexamethasone (Dex) concentration through the skin.

Design: Controlled laboratory study.

A Novel Blue-Red Photobiomodulation Therapy Patch Effects on a Repetitive Elbow-Flexion Fatigue Task.

Background: Photobiomodulation (laser/light) therapy has reduced skeletal muscle fatigue and improved performance in previous research.

Objective: To determine if the application of a novel blue (450 nm) and red (645 nm) light-emitting diode photobiomodulation therapy patch improves muscle function and decreases perceived exertion after an elbow-flexion fatigue protocol.

Participants: Thirty-four strength-trained individuals (male = 32 and female = 2, age = 22.