Are There Ultrasound Features to Distinguish Small (<3 cm) Peripheral Renal Angiomyolipomas From Renal Cell Carcinomas?

Background: Small echogenic renal masses are usually angiomyolipomas (AMLs), but some renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can be echogenic and confused with an AML.

Objectives: This is a study to evaluate any distinguishing demographic and sonographic features of small (<3 cm) peripheral AMLs versus peripheral RCCs.

Methods: This is a HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of the demographics and ultrasound features of peripheral renal AMLs compared with a group of peripheral RCCs.

Etiology of Small Echogenic Renal Masses.

Objectives: There has been controversy on how frequently small echogenic masses are angiomyolipomas (AMLs) versus renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and how best to manage these echogenic masses. We performed this study to determine the etiologies of echogenic renal masses and compare them with prior publications to reach possible management decisions.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all consecutive renal ultrasound examinations performed at our institution between January 2015 and December 2016, with an ultrasound report finding containing the wording "echogenic" and "mass.

Prevalence of Malignancy on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis in Patients With Unexplained, Unintentional Weight Loss.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of malignancy on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis in patients with unexplained, unintentional weight loss (UUWL).

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 999 adult outpatient contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis for UUWL. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: (1) weight loss only (WLO, n = 222) and (2) UUWL with additional symptoms (UUWL+, n = 777).

Shifts in stability and control effectiveness during evolution of Paraves support aerial maneuvering hypotheses for flight origins.

The capacity for aerial maneuvering was likely a major influence on the evolution of flying animals. Here we evaluate consequences of paravian morphology for aerial performance by quantifying static stability and control effectiveness of physical models for numerous taxa sampled from within the lineage leading to birds (Paraves). Results of aerodynamic testing are mapped phylogenetically to examine how maneuvering characteristics correspond to tail shortening, forewing elaboration, and other morphological features.

Aerodynamic characteristics of a feathered dinosaur measured using physical models. Effects of form on static stability and control effectiveness.

We report the effects of posture and morphology on the static aerodynamic stability and control effectiveness of physical models based on the feathered dinosaur, [Formula: see text]Microraptor gui, from the Cretaceous of China. Postures had similar lift and drag coefficients and were broadly similar when simplified metrics of gliding were considered, but they exhibited different stability characteristics depending on the position of the legs and the presence of feathers on the legs and the tail. Both stability and the function of appendages in generating maneuvering forces and torques changed as the glide angle or angle of attack were changed.

Systems-based practice learning opportunities in student-run clinics: a qualitative analysis of student experiences.

Purpose: Student-run clinics (SRCs) provide preclerkship medical students with systems-based practice (SBP) experiences as they engage in patient care and manage clinic operations. This study explored the types and context of SBP activities students participate in at SRCs.

Method: Between November 2011 and February 2012, the authors conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of medical students who served as volunteers and coordinators (student leadership role) at four independently run SRCs within the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine.