Clinical Implications of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration in Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background/aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a substantial healthcare burden with high prevalence and poor prognosis. As such, efforts are continually made to uncover molecules relevant in cancer biology, that are exploitable as targets for therapy. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell and exhibits altered functionality in the malignant state, including aberrant regulation of apoptosis and cellular respiration.

Clinical Features and Treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Affecting the Vulva: A Literature Review.

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-to-intermediate grade cutaneous neoplasm with a low propensity for metastasis and a high rate of local recurrence. It typically presents as a dermal plaque or nodule on the trunk, limbs, or head and neck region. Vulvar DFSP has also been described, although it is less common.

Light and laser treatment modalities for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: a systematic review.

Treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is poorly standardized. The present review seeks to comprehensively discuss the potential for laser and light modalities in the treatment of DSAP. A systematic review of light and laser treatment modalities was conducted to include 26 cases of patients with DSAP.

Association of high mobility group BOX-1 and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts with clinicopathological features of haematological malignancies: a systematic review.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a versatile protein with nuclear and extracellular functions. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 binds to several receptors, notably the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). The expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE have been described in a variety of cancers.

Has Vitamin D Had Its "Time In The Sun" For Melanoma?

Growing evidence suggests a pivotal role for vitamin D in cancers, particularly melanoma. The broad immunologic effects of vitamin D and its signaling axis make for a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system. Preclinical evidence suggests vitamin D to have protective effects in melanoma oncogenesis and progression, creating a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in cancer prevention and/or adjuvant therapy.

Systematic review of laser therapy in xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a benign periorbital xanthoma with substantial cosmetic and psychosocial burden for patients. Treatment modalities should be considered based on efficacy as well as cosmetic outcome. Laser modalities in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum have not been comprehensively reviewed and discussed.

Clinical features and treatment of vulvar Merkel cell carcinoma: a systematic review.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm originating from mechanoreceptor Merkel cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis. Cases affecting the vulva are exceedingly rare, with the currently available literature primarily in case report form.

Body: Systematic review of the PubMed database returned 17 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma affecting the vulva.

Clinical use of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the prognosis and risk stratification of heart failure: a literature review.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that represents the end stage of heart disease and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As heart failure mortality rates remain elevated, additional biomarkers that facilitate early detection or risk stratification in HF is of particularly great interest. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) cause the activation of intracellular signaling, gene expression, and production of inflammatory cytokines and have been linked to many inflammatory disease states such as diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.

Clinical features of shiitake dermatitis: a systematic review.

Shiitake dermatitis is a rare cutaneous reaction to lentinan, a polysaccharide component in the cell walls of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). Herein, we systematically review the case report and case series English-language literature on shiitake dermatitis, which refers to a total of 50 patients (38 males, 12 females; mean age: 44.58 years).

Clinical Implications of High-mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) in Cutaneous Malignancy: A Systematic Review.

Inflammation and the immune system play a role in the development and progression of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting effects of the high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have been investigated in these cutaneous malignancies. The clinical implication of these molecules is not fully described.

Composite lymphoma with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma components: A case report and review of the literature.

Composite lymphoma (CL) is an infrequently diagnosed entity in which two or more distinct types of lymphomas occur synchronously in the same organ or anatomical site. Most commonly, CLs are composed of two non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. We present a case of a composite lymphoma with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) components involving the terminal ileum, colon and pericolic lymph nodes.

The danger zone: Systematic review of the role of HMGB1 danger signalling in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with complex inflammatory pathways that lead to the development of secondary injuries such as cerebral ischaemia, elevated intracranial pressure and cognitive deficits. The association between intracellular danger signalling involving nuclear chromatin-binding factor, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and inflammatory pathways following TBI has not yet been fully understood.

Primary Objective: To comprehensively review the available literature regarding the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic use of HMGB1 in TBI.

Laser therapy for the treatment of pearly penile papules.

Pearly penile papules (PPP) present as dome-shaped papules of no more than 3 mm in diameter that line the base of the glans of the penis. These benign lesions affect between 14.3 and 48 % of men.

Phototherapy for Pityriasis Lichenoides in the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Published Literature.

Background: Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a dermatologic disorder that manifests in either the acute (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) or the chronic form (pityriasis lichenoides chronica, also known as parapsoriasis chronica). Traditional first-line therapy consists of corticosteroids or antibiotics; however, these treatments are often accompanied with multiple side effects and may be ineffective.

Objective: The goal of this study was to review the use of phototherapy for treating PL in the pediatric population.

Cutaneous expression of TREM, vitamin D receptor and HMGB1 in vitamin D deficiency.

Signaling pathways of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) have been independently implicated in the biology of numerous of cutaneous pathologies. There is substantial evidence for possible crosstalk between these pathways, though the relationship between VDR and TREMs remains unclear. In this study, we characterize the effects of vitamin D-deficiency and sufficiency on the cutaneous expression of TREM-1, TREM-2, VDR, HMGB1, and RAGE.

Treatment of Acne Keloidalis Nuchae: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to fibrotic plaques, papules and alopecia on the occiput and/or nape of the neck. Traditional medical management focuses on prevention, utilization of oral and topical antibiotics, and intralesional steroids in order to decrease inflammation and secondary infections. Unfortunately, therapy may require months of treatment to achieve incomplete results and recurrences are common.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by laser and light modalities: a systematic review.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EOQ) is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ most commonly located on the glans penis or prepuce. EOQ accounts for roughly 10 % of all penile malignancies and may lead to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Standard therapy includes local excision, partial or total penectomy, cryotherapy, and topical cytotoxic agents.

Laser and light therapies for the treatment of nail psoriasis.

Psoriatic involvement of the nail is notoriously refractory to conventional therapy. Nail psoriasis has a high incidence amongst patients with psoriasis. It remains a significant cosmetic problem and thus, has a significant impact on quality of life.

High-Risk Smoking Behaviors and Barriers to Smoking Cessation Among Homeless Individuals.

Background: Although tobacco practices and the effects of tobacco use among the general American population are well described, minimal data exist regarding tobacco use and barriers to smoking cessation among homeless individuals.

Methods: Anonymous, voluntary surveys based on a previously implemented instrument were completed by 100 smoking individuals residing at a homeless shelter. These surveys assessed high-risk smoking behaviors and respondents' perceived barriers to long-term smoking cessation.

A decade of burn unit experience with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Clinical pathological diagnosis and risk factor awareness.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and often fatal spectrum of mucocutaneous diseases usually attributable to severe adverse drug reactions. Burn units are referral centers for patients at the most extreme end of the disease continuum. Our burn center admits a much higher percentage of TEN (>30% BSA) cases than reported in most prior reviews.

Clinical Features and Treatment of Penile Schwannoma: A Systematic Review.

Schwannomas, although common in the head and limbs, are an exceedingly rare tumor of the penis. We conducted a systematic review to include 33 patients with schwannoma of the penile shaft or glans penis. Most patients presented with a single painless nodule on the dorsal aspect of the penile shaft.

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells in Cutaneous Melanoma.

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of melanoma, the prototypical immunologic cutaneous malignancy. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) family of innate immune receptors modulates inflammatory and innate immune signaling. It has been investigated in various neoplastic diseases, but not in melanoma.

Chronic inflammation and cancer: emerging roles of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells.

Inflammation is tightly regulated by a vast system that is intricately interconnected with innate immunity. Aberrations in expression or signaling, such as in innate immune receptors, can create excessive inflammation and, when chronic, often promote oncogenesis. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells receptor family has been characterized as a major player in the amplification and signaling of the inflammatory response.

Diagnostic value of tumor antigens in malignant pleural effusion: a meta-analysis.

The diagnostic value of tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 125, cytokeratin fragment (CYFRA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pleural fluid to differentiate between benign and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has not yet been clearly established. A review of English language studies using human subjects was performed. Sensitivity and specificity values of the chosen tumor markers were pooled using a random effects model to generate hierarchical summary receiver operator curves to determine the diagnostic performance of each tumor marker.