Epigenetic Dysregulation in Advanced Kidney Cancer: Opportunities for Therapeutic Interventions.

Understanding the complex epigenome of advanced renal cell carcinoma may lead to novel epigenomic-based pharmaceutical strategies and identify new targets for therapeutic interventions. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, modulate the activity of significant oncogenic signaling pathways by regulating gene expression. Such pathways include the WNT-β-catenin pathway, the von Hippel-Lindau-hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway.