Representations of stimulus meaning in the hippocampus.

The ability to discriminate and categorize the meaning of environmental stimuli and respond accordingly is essential for survival. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) controls emotional and motivated behaviors in response to environmental cues and is hypothesized to do so in part by deciphering the positive or negative quality of these cues. Yet, what features of the environment are represented in the activity patterns of vCA1 neurons, and whether the positive or negative meaning of a stimulus is present at this stage, remains unclear.

30-Day Risk Score for Mortality and Stroke in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis Using Artificial Intelligence Based Carotid Plaque Morphology.

Background: The gold standard for determining carotid artery stenosis intervention is based on a combination of percent stenosis and symptomatic status. Few studies have assessed plaque morphology as an additive tool for stroke prediction. Our goal was to create a predictive model and risk score for 30-day stroke and death inclusive of plaque morphology.

Increased Pathologic Downstaging with Induction versus Consolidation Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy-A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Unlabelled: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is the recommended treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. The optimal sequence of TNT is debated: induction (chemotherapy first) or consolidation (chemoradiation first)? We aim to evaluate the practice patterns and clinical outcomes of total neoadjuvant therapy with either induction or consolidation regiments in the United States for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database for patients with clinical stage II or stage III rectal cancer, diagnosed between 2006 and 2017, who underwent total neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery.

Neural dynamics underlying associative learning in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.

Animals associate cues with outcomes and update these associations as new information is presented. This requires the hippocampus, yet how hippocampal neurons track changes in cue-outcome associations remains unclear. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we tracked the same dCA1 and vCA1 neurons across days to determine how responses evolve across phases of odor-outcome learning.

Opiate prescribing patterns in the adolescent population following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective: We sought to determine prescribing patterns for opioid analgesia following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction among age- and gender-stratified adolescents in a nationally representative database.

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: PearlDiver Patient Records.

Importance of measurement site on assessment of lesion-specific ischemia and diagnostic performance by coronary computed tomography Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve.

Background: Values of fractional flow reserve (FFR) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) decline from the ostium to the terminal vessel, irrespective of stenosis severity. The purpose of this study is to determine if the site of measurement of FFR impacts assessment of ischemia and its diagnostic performance relative to invasive FFR (FFR).

Methods: 1484 patients underwent FFR; 1910 vessels were stratified by stenosis severity (normal; <25%, 25-50%, 50-70%, and >70% stenosis).

Assessment of lesion-specific ischemia using fractional flow reserve (FFR) profiles derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (FFRCT) and invasive pressure measurements (FFRINV): Importance of the site of measurement and implications for patient referral for invasive coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-derived from computed tomography angiography (CTA; FFRCT) and invasive FFR (FFRINV) are used to assess the need for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The optimal location for measuring FFR and the impact of measurement location have not been well defined.

Methods: 930 patients (age 60.