Linkages between Forestry Best Management Practices and erosion in the southeastern U.S.

Numerous studies have concluded that forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are effective at mitigating erosion and sedimentation caused by forest operations; however, the complex relationship between forestry BMPs and erosion is largely unexamined. In this study, BMP implementation rates, which are percentages ranging from 0 to 100% that indicates how well an operator instituted recommended practices in the field, and predicted erosion rates, obtained by using USLE-Forest, were calculated for 108 recent harvests in twelve states and three physiographic regions in the southeastern U.S.

Linking ecosystem function and hydrologic regime to inform restoration of a forested peatland.

Drainage is a globally common disturbance in forested peatlands that impacts peat soils, forest communities, and associated ecosystem functions, calling for informed hydrologic restoration strategies. The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS), located in Virginia and North Carolina, U.S.

Recreational stream crossing effects on sediment delivery and macroinvertebrates in southwestern Virginia, USA.

Trail-based recreation has increased over recent decades, raising the environmental management issue of soil erosion that originates from unsurfaced, recreational trail systems. Trail-based soil erosion that occurs near stream crossings represents a non-point source of pollution to streams. We modeled soil erosion rates along multiple-use (hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding) recreational trails that approach culvert and ford stream crossings as potential sources of sediment input and evaluated whether recreational stream crossings were impacting water quality based on downstream changes in macroinvertebrate-based indices within the Poverty Creek Trail System of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forest in southwestern Virginia, USA.

Papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: management and algorithm for treatment of a rare entity.

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is a very rare finding and its presentation is similar to that of a benign cyst, which is the most common congenital lesions of the neck. The diagnosis is usually made postoperatively after histological examination. A case of a surgically treated 47-year-old patient with a papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst is presented.

[Therapy control of specific hymenoptera venom allergy].

In Germany anaphylactic reactions after insect stings are mostly caused by honey bee (Apis mellifera) and wasp (Vespula vulgaris, Vespula germanica). In the majority of cases venom immunotherapy is a successful therapy and protects patients from recurrent systemic anaphylactic reaction. In some patients persistent severe reactions after insect sting can even occur in spite of venom therapy, as a sign of therapy failure.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy causes abnormalities in the diabetic heart with various clinical sequelae, including exercise intolerance, arrhythmias and painless myocardial infarction. Little is known about (ultra)structural alterations of the myocardial nervous network. On the assumption that this diabetes-specific neuropathy develops due to permanently increased oxidative stress by liberation of oxygen-free radicals, adjuvant application of antioxidative therapeutics appears promising in preventing or delaying long-term diabetic complications.

Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761: II. Interstitium and microvasculature.

Besides alterations in cardiomyocytes themselves, diabetic cardiopathy is characterized by interstitial and microvascular disorders. On the assumption that a specific heart muscle disease develops due to permanently increased oxidative stress on liberation of oxygen-free radicals, adjuvant application of antioxidative therapeutics appears promising in preventing or delaying long-term diabetic complications and protecting the myocardium against acute ischemia. We have investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), a radical scavenger, against diabetes-induced myocardial interstitium and microvasculature damage, and against additional ischemia/reperfusion injury in spontaneously diabetic BioBreeding/Ottawa Karlsburg (BB/OK) rats modelling diabetic cardiac infarction.

[Risk of nanoparticles?].

Nanotechnology is an "emerging industry" and becomes more widely used. As a result human exposure to nanoparticles is inevitable. Exposure to nanoparticles can affect the upper aerodigestive tract, before particles reach lung, stomach and intestine.

Tumor risk assessment by means of immunocytochemical detection of early pre-malignant changes in buccal smears.

Increasing incidence of carcinomas in the upper aero-digestive tract, both in Germany and in other European countries requires development of new preventive strategies. The cure rate at advanced tumor stages remains poor in spite of a variety of available therapeutic methods. In the present study the quantitative assessment of a pre-malignant mucosa lesion within a field cancerization was performed by means of immunocytochemical methods.

Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761: I. cardiomyocytes.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to result in increased mortality after ischemic events. Permanently increased oxidative stress with formation of oxygen-free radicals plays a key role in the development of specific heart muscle disease. Associated lesions include structural alterations to cardiomyocytes.

VCAM-1 increases levels of HGF in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis cell culture.

Background: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. To date the underlying cause remains unclear and no drug has been accredited for first-line therapy. VCAM-1 has been reported to play a pivotal role in establishing ECRS.

Transforming growth factor-beta1-antisense modulates the expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in keloid fibroblast cell culture.

Abnormal wound healing processes can result in hypertrophic scars and keloids. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) are biphasic growth factor cytokines in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Findings have shown TGF-beta1 to be pivotal in the formation of keloid tissue.

Saliva as a biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: in vitro detection of cytotoxic effects by using the plating efficiency index.

Worldwide, the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing. The development of an effective prevention program would provide a promising opportunity to control this disease. We applied the 'plating efficiency index' of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts to demonstrate the presence of cytotoxic effects in saliva samples from cancer patients as well as from healthy probands.

[Tuberculosis of the parotid gland].

The different tumours of the parotid gland can be divided in benign or malignant tumours, regional inflammations and enlarged lymph nodes. We report on a 26-year-old male from Uganda with a slowly growing tumour of the right parotid gland for several months. The CT scan showed a poorly defined intraparotideal tumour.

[Stomal metastases after translaryngeal tracheotomy (TLT) according to Fantoni: a rare complication].

The translaryngeal tracheotomy (TLT) according to Fantoni with rigid endoscopy is well known and easy to execute. In our department we have used this method since 2002. In 17 patients suffering from carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, we performed a TLT.

The influence of elevated carbon dioxide and water availability on herbaceous weed development and growth of transplanted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were grown in competition with native weeds using soil and seed bank collected from recently chopped and burned areas near Appomattox, Virginia. One-year-old seedlings were planted and weeds allowed to germinate from the native seed bank while being exposed to CO(2) (ambient and elevated - approximately 700 ppm) and water (water stressed and well watered) treatments for approximately one growing season in a greenhouse.

[Modification of axial length and astigmatism by scleral buckling surgery].

Background: Scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment alters the shape of the globe resulting in changes of the refractive state of the eye.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective study of 52 eyes with retinal detachment we examined changes of corneal astigmatism and axial length induced by encircling buckling or segmental buckling spanning two quadrants. We compared our results with those found in literature.

[Late results of cataract operation with and without lens implantation in patients with uveitis].

Between 1985 and 1993, 73 eyes of 56 uveitis patients were subjected to extracapsular (n = 64) or intracapsular (n = 9) cataract extraction. We investigated the results up to 6 years later. 53 eyes received a posterior chamber lens, one an anterior chamber lens.

[Effect of long-term lithium therapy on the pigment epithelium and optic nerve].

Morphological alterations of the retina caused by lithium have been described in rats. Human patients were therefore examined for such findings, and photophobia, neuritis affecting the optic nerves and downbeat nystagmus were observed. We found pathologic Arden quotients in the EOG, indicating an alteration of the pigment epithelium.

[Synthetic lens implantation in cataract patients with glaucoma].

In 178 eyes (122 patients) with chronic glaucomas an extracapsular cataract extraction was performed in combination with an implantation of a posterior chamber lens. In 45 cases a filtrating glaucoma surgery had been performed before. A narrow pupil, caused by the miotic therapy, posterior synechias or changes after glaucoma surgery, made the cataract extraction difficult in most of the cases.

[Squint operations for impaired motility due to endocrine ophthalmopathy].

In every case of an uncertain vertical diplopia one should think of an endocrine ophthalmopathy. A squint operation done in time will improve the motility of the eye. 8 of our 9 patients had no longer a diplopia after surgery and got binocular vision.

[Monocular and binocular vision following lens implantation in traumatic cataract].

Lens implantation after surgery for traumatic cataract is a major help in rehabilitating the patient. Most such patients are still at work. Surgical problems result from injuries to the cornea, iris, lens, and vitreous body.

[Eye position and function following late surgical correction of consecutive strabismus following primary tenotomy].

Even in patients with consecutive strabismus who had a partial or total tenotomy 10 to 50 years ago, reoperation is worthwhile. In 73% of the author's cases the squint angle was reduced to between -5% degrees and +5 degrees postoperatively; adduction or abduction were improved or normalized in 66%, convergence in 20%. In 29% simultaneous vision on a normal or slightly abnormal basis was achieved.

[Ocular findings in tick borreliosis].

Tick-transmitted borreliosis is by no means a rare infectious disease. It is found especially in southern parts of Germany. Eyes are seldom affected.