Effects of weight loss medications on mortality and cardiovascular events: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in adults with overweight and obesity.

Aims: Adults affected by obesity are at higher risk of premature mortality. Medications can help to lose weight and to maintain weight loss. Aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether anti-obesity medications affect all-cause mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular events, cardiovascular risk factors and body weight.

The Long-Term Impact of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Inhibition on Cardiorenal Outcomes (LIRICO): A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: The comparative effectiveness of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or their combination in people with albuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors is unclear.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, open label, blinded end point trial, we evaluated the effectiveness on cardiovascular events of ACE or ARB monotherapy or combination therapy, targeting BP<130/80 in patients with moderate or severe albuminuria and diabetes or other cardiovascular risk factors. End points included a primary composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for cardiovascular causes and a revised end point of all-cause mortality.

Revascularisation versus medical treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease: network meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate whether revascularisation improves prognosis compared with medical treatment among patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Design: Bayesian network meta-analyses to combine direct within trial comparisons between treatments with indirect evidence from other trials while maintaining randomisation.

Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: A strategy of initial medical treatment compared with revascularisation by coronary artery bypass grafting or Food and Drug Administration approved techniques for percutaneous revascularization: balloon angioplasty, bare metal stent, early generation paclitaxel eluting stent, sirolimus eluting stent, and zotarolimus eluting (Endeavor) stent, and new generation everolimus eluting stent, and zotarolimus eluting (Resolute) stent among patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and combined therapy in patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria and other cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: A recent clinical trial showed harmful renal effects with the combined use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB) in people with diabetes or vascular disease. We examined the benefits and risks of these agents in people with albuminuria and one or more cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Renal Health Library were searched for trials comparing ACEI, ARB or their combination with placebo or with one another in people with albuminuria and one or more cardiovascular risk factor.

Proteinuria and clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients.

This narrative review focuses on outcomes related to proteinuria in hypertension (HT), and also examines the role of current and future therapeutic strategies. Proteinuria is an independent marker of renal and cardiovascular (CV) disease in hypertensive populations, particularly in high-risk groups such as diabetic patients. Effective blood pressure (BP) control and proteinuria management are associated with significant improvements in the risk of key adverse outcomes, although a causative relationship needs careful assessment.

Risk factors for the development and progression of renal diseases in disadvantaged populations: role of the renin-angiotensin system blockade.

Chronic kidney disease is becoming a public health challenge due to the high risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease, the increased cardiovascular burden and management costs, especially among disadvantaged communities. Although the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in these populations are recognized risk factors and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, ethnic populations show a greater likelihood of developing end-stage kidney disease regardless of these cardiovascular risk factors. The association between low socioeconomic status and the prevalence/progression of chronic kidney disease observed in population-based studies suggests that socioeconomic disadvantage could be a plausible reason for the increased burden of renal disease among minorities.