Evaluating two approaches for using positive control in standardizing the avian influenza H5 reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus causes heavy losses in poultry farms worldwide. Molecular diagnostic techniques like RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR are considered the gold standard for identification of H5 influenza viruses in clinical samples. These techniques are hampered by the need of well-equipped laboratories, large space requirement, and relatively long time-to-result.

Oral administration of hyperimmune IgY: an immunoecological approach to curbing acute infectious bursal disease virus infection.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry. Hygienic management and proper vaccination are currently the only economic approach for control of this disease. Attempts have been made to control the disease after the onset of an outbreak using parenteral administration of hyperimmune IgY preparations.

The immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus: a constantly changing picture.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major immuno-suppressive viruses of cattle. The effect on the innate and acquired immune system is unique and results in dramatic immune dysfunction. BVDV infection also has the ability to cause persistent infection (PI) in the developing fetus.