Anger mediates the relationship between changes in alcohol use and violence: A longitudinal examination among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Objective: Interpersonal violence is a common barrier to reintegration into civilian life in post-9/11 veterans. Alcohol use and anger, also common among veterans, are both risk factors for violence. The present study used longitudinal data to examine relationships between these factors.

Role of midline raphe in compartmental surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Purpose: In the present study, we investigated how tumor distance from midline (TDFM) and depth of invasion (DOI) may affect survival outcomes after compartmental tongue surgery (CTS) for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Methods: A retrospective series of cT2-T3 OTSCC treated with upfront CTS at our Department from 2010 to 2021 was evaluated. Radiological and pathological DOI and TDFM were correlated.

Looking beyond LCI: Multiple breath washout phase III slope derived indices and their application in chronic respiratory disease in children.

The multiple breath washout (MBW) test is widely reported in the context of Lung Clearance Index (LCI). LCI reflects global ventilation inhomogeneity but does not provide information regarding the localization of disease along the respiratory tree. The MBW-derived normalized phase III slope (S) indices (S and S), instead, can distinguish between convective-dependent and diffusion-convection-dependent ventilation inhomogeneity considered to occur within the conductive and acinar airways, respectively.

Mental health treatment utilization among Gulf War era veterans with probable alcohol use disorder.

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among veterans, and excessive alcohol use is associated with significant mental and physical health consequences. Currently, the largest cohort of veterans seeking services at the VA are those from the 1990s Gulf War Era. This cohort of veterans is unique due to the nature of their deployment resulting in a myriad of unexplained symptoms collectively known as "Gulf War Illness" and higher rates of mental health problems.

Real-life experience with dimethylfumarate in palmoplantar psoriasis: A multicentre retrospective Italian study.

Palmoplantar (PP) psoriasis is considered one of the most hard-to-treat areas with important impact on patients' quality of life, and few data are available about the efficacy of dimethylfumarate (DMF) on these areas. In our noninterventional multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients with PP psoriasis treated with DMF, effectiveness was evaluated as mean pp Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (ppPASI) reduction and as proportion of patients that reach ppPASI 75 at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The reduction in ppPASI was 23.

Retrospective analysis of referrals for hypoxic challenge testing in children born preterm.

Introduction: Children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may be at risk of hypoxaemia at altitude, such as during air travel. We have performed preflight hypoxic challenge testing (HCT) since 2006, incorporating British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidance since 2011, to determine which children may require oxygen during air travel.

Aims: We aimed to compare the outcome of HCTs in children with a history of BPD who met the 2011 BTS criteria and those who did not and, in addition to this, to interrogate the data for factors that may predict the outcome of HCT in this population.

Examining the daily relationship between guilt, shame, and substance use among veterans with psychiatric disorders.

Background: Shame and guilt are key emotions known to amplify trauma-related symptoms in veterans. Maintenance of symptoms is facilitated by avoidance behaviors, such as substance use. However, limited research has examined the associations between shame, guilt, and substance use in daily life.

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in children: an international multicentre study.

Background: Paediatric diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a rare heterogeneous condition with limited knowledge on clinical presentation, treatment and outcome.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive multicentre follow-up study initiated from the European network for translational research in children's and adult interstitial lung disease (Cost Action CA16125) and chILD-EU CRC (the European Research Collaboration for Children's Interstitial Lung Disease). Inclusion criteria were DAH of any cause diagnosed before the age of 18 years.

Self-care behaviors and affect during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Self-care behaviors aimed at maintaining physical and mental health are often recommended during stressful contexts. We tested emotional predictors of self-care behaviors (healthy eating, exercise, engaging in a hobby, relaxation/meditation, time spent with a supportive person, talking online with friends/family) during the COVID-19 pandemic and their emotional consequences. We hypothesized a reciprocal within-person process whereby positive affect increases self-care behaviors (Hypothesis 1) and self-care behaviors increase positive affect while decreasing negative affect (Hypothesis 2).

Lung transplantation in an 18-month-old with donor specific antibodies - The use of intraoperative, targeted plasma exchange.

Background: Sensitised patients undergoing Human Leukocyte Antigen-incompatible transplantation are at increased risk of hyperacute rejection and may be predisposed to antibody-mediated rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction and higher mortality.

Case: We present a case of primary lung transplantation in the setting of late identification of donor specific antibodies treated with intraoperative target plasma exchange. The patient was treated with fresh human plasma to a final volume of 1.

A comparison of telehealth versus in-person group therapy: Results from a DBT-based dual diagnosis IOP.

Objective: The effectiveness of remotely delivered group interventions and treatments for individuals with more complex psychiatric presentations is understudied. Nevertheless, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic shifted such treatments from in-person to remote service delivery without the establishment of comparable effectiveness between in-person and remote delivery. The current study presents the results of a private practice's transition from in-person treatment delivery to a videoconference-delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based intensive outpatient program (IOP) for individuals with comorbid mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses in response to the pandemic.

Early Pseudomonas aeruginosa predicts poorer pulmonary function in preschool children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: We previously reported relatively normal pulmonary function (2 years of age) and computed tomography (CT, 1 year of age) in cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screened (NBS) infants. We now report follow up of these children to preschool age.

Methods: 67 NBS children with CF and 41 healthy controls underwent pulmonary function tests in infancy (∼3 months, 1 year and 2 years) and at preschool (3-6 years).

Lung Clearance Index May Detect Early Peripheral Lung Disease in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Chronic lung injury is common in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and worsens outcomes. Sensitive lung function tests might predict reversible disease that might benefit from therapeutic interventions. To evaluate whether lung clearance index (LCI) (measuring global ventilation inhomogeneity), intraacinar ventilation inhomogeneity (S), and conductive ventilation inhomogeneity (S) are more frequently abnormal than lung volumes in young people with SCA.

Math matters: A novel, brief educational intervention decreases whole number bias when reasoning about COVID-19.

At the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic, our interdisciplinary team hypothesized that a mathematical misconception-whole number bias (WNB)-contributed to beliefs that COVID-19 was less fatal than the flu. We created a brief online educational intervention for adults, leveraging evidence-based cognitive science research, to promote accurate understanding of rational numbers related to COVID-19. Participants from a Qualtrics panel (N = 1,297; 75% White) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition, solved health-related math problems, and subsequently completed 10 days of daily diaries in which health cognitions and affect were assessed.

100,000 Genomes Pilot on Rare-Disease Diagnosis in Health Care - Preliminary Report.

Background: The U.K. 100,000 Genomes Project is in the process of investigating the role of genome sequencing in patients with undiagnosed rare diseases after usual care and the alignment of this research with health care implementation in the U.

"You're on mute!" Does pediatric CF home spirometry require physiologist supervision?

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the move towards home spirometry monitoring, including in children. The aim of this study is to determine whether the remote supervision of spirometry by a physiologist improves the technical quality and failure rate of the maneuvers.

Method: Children with cystic fibrosis who had been provided with NuvoAir home spirometers were randomly allocated to either supervised or unsupervised home spirometry following a detailed training session.

Personality or pathology? Predictors of early substance use in first-year college students.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the dual role of personality and psychopathology in predicting substance use among first-year students.

Participants: 103 first-semester undergraduate students were recruited via the university subject pool.

Methods: Participants completed personality questionnaires, structured clinical interviews, followed by the completion of diary entries each week reporting on substance use throughout their first semester.

What Drives Preventive Health Behavior During a Global Pandemic? Emotion and Worry.

Background & Purpose: Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S.

Micro Versus Macro Processes: How specific stress exposure impacts sleep, affect, and risk-related behavior on the path to disease in high-risk adults.

Background: The stress-to-disease association has been well-accepted for some time. However, the understanding of stress exposure contributes to psychological disease progression remains unclear.

Objective: To test the real-time impact of variable stress exposure on risk-related clinical phenomena and affective disease progression in a high-risk sample of active-duty firefighters.

An observational study of the lung clearance index throughout childhood in cystic fibrosis: early years matter.

https://bit.ly/2yKyMbM