Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in a Spanish region.

Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in a Spanish region.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study in all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Lleida health region from 1 March to 30 November 2020. Reinfections were classified as patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests separated by at least 90 days plus a negative test result between both infection episodes.

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Boron β-Amino Esters.

In this report, the enantioselective, copper-catalyzed borylation of β-amidoacrylates is disclosed. A broad variety of biologically important α-aminoboronates has been prepared with consistently high levels of enantiocontrol using an inexpensive copper catalyst and a commercially available chiral ligand. The method can be applied to the synthesis of novel boron-containing dipeptides and hemiboronates.

Copper-Catalyzed Borylative Aromatization of -Quinone Methides: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dibenzylic Boronates.

In this report, we establish that DM-Segphos copper(I) complexes are efficient catalysts for the enantioselective borylation of -quinone methides. This method provides straightforward access to chiral monobenzylic and dibenzylic boronic esters, with enantiomeric ratios up to 96:4, using a commercially available chiral phosphine. Standard manipulations of the C-B bond afford a variety of chiral diaryl derivatives.

Copper-catalyzed silylation of p-quinone methides: new entry to dibenzylic silanes.

An efficient and general copper(I)-catalyzed silylation of p-quinone-methides is described. Non-symmetric dibenzylic silanes are obtained in high yields under mild reaction conditions. These compounds can be used as bench-stable benzylic carbanion precursors.

Copper-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclopropenes: synthesis of cyclopropylboronates.

A novel Cu-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclopropenes to afford nonracemic cyclopropylboronates is described. Trapping the cyclopropylcopper intermediate with electrophilic amines allows for the synthesis of cyclopropylaminoboronic esters and demonstrates the potential of the approach for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanes.

[Palliative and support care at home in primary care].

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of people requiring palliative and support care at home in primary care and to describe their characteristics.

Methods: A descriptive study was carried out by five Spanish sentinel networks between October 2007 and March 2008 in 282,216 people attended by 218 general practitioners and nurses. Patients receiving comprehensive, active and continued care at home were included if the aim was not to prolong life but to achieve the best quality of life for the patient, the family and the carers.

Rat dorsal prostate is necessary for vaginal adhesion of the seminal plug and sperm motility in the uterine horns.

The rat prostate comprises dorsal, ventral and lateral lobes that are morphologically and biochemically distinct. Lesions to these structures are expected to affect the quality of the ejaculate and male fertility. In experiment 1, we analyzed ejaculate parameters of males that had chemical lesions of the dorsal or ventral lobes.

Stroke in Spain: epidemiologic incidence and patterns; a health sentinel network study.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is among the 4 main causes of mortality in Spain. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of stroke and to describe the principal risk factors and other clinical and epidemiologic patterns found in patients.

Methods: Doctors from the Spanish sentinel health network recorded the episodes of acute cerebrovascular diseases in 2005 in a population of 201,205 inhabitants older than 14 years.

Responses of intramembranous bone and sutures upon in vivo cyclic tensile and compressive loading.

Cranial vault and facial sutures interpose between mineralized bones of the skull, and may function analogously to appendicular and cranial base growth plates. However, unlike growth plates that are composed of chondrocyte lineage, cranial and facial sutures possess heterogeneous cell lineages such as mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts, in addition to vascular-derived cells. Despite recently intensified effort, the biological responses of intramembranous bone and sutures to mechanical loading are not well understood.

Effect of isolation measures on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis.

Background: Nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis (HD) units is well established. In units with a high prevalence of HCV infection, the implementation of universal precautionary measures may not suffice in order to decrease the incidence and prevalence of HCV. In this setting strict isolation practices can be useful in order to achieve this goal.

Adult stem cell driven genesis of human-shaped articular condyle.

Uniform design of synovial articulations across mammalian species is challenged by their common susceptibility to joint degeneration. The present study was designed to investigate the possibility of creating human-shaped articular condyles by rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel. Rat MSCs were harvested, expanded in culture, and treated with either chondrogenic or osteogenic supplements.

Functional significance of peripheral head-shaking nystagmus.

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective was to determine the characteristics of horizontal head-shaking nystagmus of peripheral origin and its relationship to vestibular dysfunction.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria of having peripheral and unilateral vestibular disease.

Prognostic factors in sinonasal tumors involving the anterior skull base.

Background: Anterior craniofacial resection is a standardized procedure for the treatment of ethmoid and frontal orbital tumors with intracranial invasion.

Methods: A retrospective review of 100 patients with sinonasal tumors involving the anterior skull base who underwent combined craniofacial surgery at the Hospital Central de Asturias.

Results: The most frequent pathologic entity was adenocarcinoma (53 cases) and other epithelial tumors (29 cases).

Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA in pleural fluid samples.

Study Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, an etiologic diagnosis by traditional techniques can be accomplished in only a small percentage of patients with CAP. Pleural fluid is present in approximately 40% of patients with CAP; therefore, we hypothesized that detection of S pneumoniae DNA in pleural fluid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may help to increase the rate of diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Design: A prospective study of cases.