Medicaid's Cranio-Cap: Medicaid Reimbursement for Craniosynostosis Repair is Not Trending With the Rate of Inflation.

Background: Craniosynostosis requires early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate the risks of impaired cranial growth; however, patients with Medicaid face treatment delays for craniosynostosis care. Medicaid reimbursement rates have failed to match the inflation rate in medicine, remaining relatively static in many surgical fields. This study investigates Medicaid reimbursement and the longitudinal impact of economic inflation on reimbursement for craniosynostosis care.

Senescent-like microglia limit remyelination through the senescence associated secretory phenotype.

The capacity to regenerate myelin in the central nervous system diminishes with age. This decline is particularly evident in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disease. Whether cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, contributes to remyelination impairment remains unknown.

Complications associated with abdominal incisional wound vacuum assisted closure following deep inferior epigastric perforator flap harvest for breast reconstruction: A single institution retrospective study.

Background: The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flap reconstruction is a preferred breast reconstruction technique due to its muscle-sparing approach and patient satisfaction. However, donor-site complications, particularly wound dehiscence, remain a concern. Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy using wound vacuum assisted closure (VAC) systems may reduce these complications by enhancing perfusion and minimizing edema.

Health-Related Quality of Life for Persons Treated or Monitored for Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (AMC-A01).

Purpose: The Anal Cancer/High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions Outcomes Research (ANCHOR) trial demonstrated that treating precancerous anal HSIL reduces the incidence of anal cancer by 57% in people with HIV. It remains unclear how HSIL treatment or monitoring without treatment affects patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We evaluated differences in HRQoL for individuals who were randomly assigned to active monitoring (AM) or treatment for anal HSIL.

Trophoblast-specific Deptor knockdown enhances trophoblast nutrient transport and fetal growth in mice.

Aim: Silencing of DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), an endogenous inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, increases mTOR signaling and System A/L amino acid transport activity in cultured primary human trophoblast cells. However, there is no evidence supporting the regulatory role of DEPTOR signaling in placental function in vivo. We hypothesized that trophoblast-specific Deptor knockdown in mice increases trophoblast mTOR signaling, amino acid transport, and enhances fetal growth.

Sometimes, Only Some Siblings Go to Foster Care: Exploring Split Sibling Groups in a Nationwide Sample.

Research on sibling separation in foster care often focuses on cases where all siblings are removed. However, separation can also occur when only some children are placed in care, a scenario that is underexplored. This study investigates: the frequency of partial sibling placements; differences between placed and non-placed siblings, as well as split versus intact sibling groups; and the risk of re-report and future placement for non-placed children in split groups compared to those in intact groups.

Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine: A Primer for the Nonexpert.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized to augment the practice of emergency medicine due to rapid technological advances and breakthroughs. AI applications have been used to enhance triage systems, predict disease-specific risk, estimate staffing needs, forecast patient decompensation, and interpret imaging findings in the emergency department setting. This article aims to help readers without formal training become informed end-users of AI in emergency medicine.

Phosphoregulation of Microtubule Assembly and Disassembly for Phragmoplast Expansion During Plant Cytokinesis.

Plant cytokinesis results in the formation of the cell plate by the phragmoplast which contains dynamic microtubules serving as the track for the delivery of cell wall builders included in Golgi vesicles. During the centrifugal process of cell plate assembly, new microtubules are assembled and bundled at the leading edge to prepare for vesicle transport while older microtubules are disassembled at the lagging edge upon the completion of vesicle delivery. The turnover of phragmoplast microtubules in this process is thought to be regulated by phosphorylation of the key microtubule bundling factor MAP65.

Perioperative lung expansion and pulmonary outcomes after open abdominal surgery versus usual care in the USA (PRIME-AIR): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a leading cause of morbidity, death, and increased use of health-care resources. We aimed to determine whether a perioperative lung expansion bundle including individualised intraoperative management reduces PPC severity in patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery compared with usual care.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised controlled phase 3 trial (PRIME-AIR), we enrolled adult patients (age ≥18 years) scheduled for an elective open abdominal surgery that would last at least 2 h, who were at intermediate or high risk for PPCs on the basis of their Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score (a score of ≥26), and who had a BMI below 35 kg/m at 17 academic hospitals across ten states in the USA.

Is the Future of Cleft Care Financially Sustainable? An Economic Analysis of Inflation-Adjusted Reimbursements.

Objective: As Medicaid continues to expand, it remains unclear if reimbursement rates for cleft care are keeping up with the national economy. The purpose of this study is to determine how financial trends in cleft lip and palate repair reimbursements compare to annual changes in the U.S.

Virtual delivery of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy for autistic children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic was acceptable, feasible, and effective.

Anxiety challenges co-occur at a high rate in autistic children and youth (~ 50-79%), often with significant interference with daily functioning. Evidence-based interventions (e.g.

Academic Community Partnership in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Early Mortality: The ECOG-ACRIN EA9131 Trial.

Importance: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an acute illness that presents with cytopenia, infections, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Achieving remission has been shown to make a major difference in patient outcomes; however, early death rates in the first month have been as high as 30% due to acute presentation, comorbidities, the rarity of APL, and clinician inexperience.

Objective: To develop treatment strategies that would decrease estimated 1-month mortality from 30% to below 15%.

Early Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Rates of Initiation and Impact on Glycemic Outcomes.

Objective: Early initiation of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) after type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis has been associated with lower hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in single-institution studies. This multicenter study evaluated the association between the timing of CGM initiation and HbA1c at 3 years postdiagnosis.

Research Design And Methods: Data were obtained from the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) electronic health record database from 25 pediatric centers and included children and adolescents ≤18 years old diagnosed with T1D in 2019 and 2020.

Integrated cross-linking by TG2 and FXIII generates hepatoprotective fibrin(ogen) deposits in injured liver.

The transglutaminase coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is critical for the stability and function of intravascular fibrin clots. Pro-repair extravascular fibrin(ogen) deposits are potentially subject to crosslinking by FXIII as well as other transglutaminases not typically resident in plasma. However, the impact of these alternative modifiers on fibrin(ogen) structure and function is not known.

Validation of DermSat-7 for Assessing Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Psoriasis.

Importance: A critical need exists for developing a validated dermatologic-specific treatment satisfaction instrument.

Objective: To evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of the 7-item dermatology-specific treatment satisfaction (DermSat-7) instrument in patients with psoriasis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This survey study was conducted from July 2020 to April 2023 in dermatology outpatient clinics at the University of Southern California, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Mount Sinai Union Square and included adults (aged ≥18 years) with psoriasis who were fluent in English.

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of stratified aggregate data.

Background: A 2021 meta-analysis of 37 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) revealed a statistically significant protective effect of the intervention (odds ratio [OR] 0·92 [95% CI 0·86 to 0·99]). Since then, six eligible RCTs have been completed, including one large trial (n=15 804). We aimed to re-examine the link between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of ARIs.

Left Ventricular Entry to Reduce Brain Lesions During Catheter Ablation: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias, one of the most rapidly growing procedures in cardiac electrophysiology, is associated with magnetic resonance imaging-detected brain lesions in more than half of cases. Although a retrograde aortic approach is conventional, modern tools enable entry through a transseptal approach that may avoid embolization of debris from the arterial system. We sought to test the hypothesis that a transseptal puncture would mitigate brain injury compared with a retrograde aortic approach.

Colorectal cancer hot spot mutations attenuate the ASXL-MLL4 interaction.

Human additional sex combs like (ASXL) proteins are involved in the maintenance of both transcriptional activation and repression through their ability to bind multiple chromatin regulators, including two tumor suppressors: deubiquitinase BAP1 and methyltransferase MLL4 (KMT2D). The ASXL genes are often altered in colorectal cancer (CRC), and ASXL1 is one of the four hub genes related to the pathogenesis of CRC. Here, we show that MLL4 and BAP1 interdependently target specific genomic regions and positively or negatively regulate expression of a subset of genes in the human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells.

Real-World outcomes of Non-Small cell lung cancer patients harbouring KRAS G12C and KRAS G12D mutations.

Background: KRAS G12D and G12C mutations have distinct biological traits influencing treatment response. This study examines real-world demographics, clinical characteristics, and first-line treatment outcomes in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with these mutations.

Methods: This retrospective, multi-institution observational study used data from the AURORA database.

Characteristics of Patients With the Arrhythmogenic Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome and Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias.

Background: Patients with arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse syndrome are at increased risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but studies have been limited by small sample sizes. We sought to assemble an international arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse syndrome registry to delineate the clinical, imaging, and treatment characteristics of patients with arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse syndrome who survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation.

Methods: In this descriptive registry, we characterized patients with arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse syndrome who survived SCA, sustained VT, or ventricular fibrillation.

Geographical differences in ophthalmic trauma outcomes and risk factors: the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiological Eye Study (IGATES).

Objectives: Characterise the international variation in ophthalmic trauma and determine risk factors associated with visual and anatomical outcomes for low-, middle- and high-income countries.

Subjects/methods: Observational multi-centre cohort study using data from the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiological Eye Study (IGATES) from April 2014 to August 2023. Data on acute presentations of ophthalmic injury including open/closed globe injury, and/or Adnexal/orbital involvement, and/or intraocular/ intraorbital foreign body were collected and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was calculated.

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: EULAR/ACR classification criteria for paediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).

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Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): the 'Kyoto Consensus'-steps from Asia.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplantation. There have been various definitions proposed worldwide. The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012.