Does Physical Exercise Ameliorate Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Complications? The Case of Anaemia and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder.

Background: Physical exercise (PE) can regulate inflammation, cardiovascular health, sarcopenia, anaemia, and bone health in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Experimental and clinical studies both help us better understand the mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of the exercise, especially in renal anaemia and CKD-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBDs). Here, we summarize this evidence, exploring the biological pathways involved, locally released substances, and crosstalk between tissues, but also the shortcomings of current knowledge.