Exploring the Dynamic Changes of Brain Lipids, Lipid Rafts, and Lipid Droplets in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Aging induces complex changes in the lipid profiles across different areas of the brain. These changes can affect the function of brain cells and may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Research shows that while the overall lipid profile in the human brain remains quite steady throughout adulthood, specific changes occur with age, especially after the age of 50.

Cytosolic and mitochondrial translation elongation are coordinated through the molecular chaperone TRAP1 for the synthesis and import of mitochondrial proteins.

A complex interplay between mRNA translation and cellular respiration has been recently unveiled, but its regulation in humans is poorly characterized in either health or disease. Cancer cells radically reshape both biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways to sustain their aberrant growth rates. In this regard, we have shown that the molecular chaperone TRAP1 not only regulates the activity of respiratory complexes, behaving alternatively as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, but also plays a concomitant moonlighting function in mRNA translation regulation.

Iron and Ferroptosis More than a Suspect: Beyond the Most Common Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutic Approaches to Cognitive Decline and Dementia.

Neurodegeneration is a multifactorial process that involves multiple mechanisms. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases are Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These are progressive and irreversible pathologies, characterized by neuron vulnerability, loss of structure or function of neurons, and even neuron demise in the brain, leading to clinical, functional, and cognitive dysfunction and movement disorders.

Cytosolic and mitochondrial translation elongation are coordinated through the molecular chaperone TRAP1 for the synthesis and import of mitochondrial proteins.

A complex interplay between mRNA translation and cellular respiration has been recently unveiled, but its regulation in humans is poorly characterized in either health or disease. Cancer cells radically reshape both biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways to sustain their aberrant growth rates. In this regard, we have shown that the molecular chaperone TRAP1 not only regulates the activity of respiratory complexes, behaving alternatively as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, but also plays a concomitant moonlighting function in mRNA translation regulation.

Cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment.

Gliflozins are a novel class of oral anti-diabetic drugs, acting as inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and intestinal epithelium. The sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 (SGLT2) are mainly expressed in S1 and S2 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys. Clinical guidelines recommend their use especially in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with vascular complications and/or heart failure highlighting the importance of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) pleiotropic effects.

BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumour with borderline histopathological features (BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma): A case report and a reappraisal.

We describe a case of BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1)-inactivated melanocytic tumour (BIMT) in a 22-year-old woman, documenting for the first time with dermoscopy its sudden development with the onset of an atypical vascular pattern within a Miescher naevus. The tumour was histopathologically atypical because of the presence of confluent pleomorphism, solid sheets of cells and grouped mitotic figures: these features were consistent with a melanocytic neoplasm with intermediate morphology ('BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma'; BIM) between a BAP1-inactivated melanocytic naevus and a BAP1-inactivated melanoma. The atypical histopathological features of the present case were different from the criteria quoted for BIM in the World Health Organization 2018 classification of skin tumours.

Noncoding RNAs and Midbrain DA Neurons: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Health and Disease.

Midbrain dopamine neurons have crucial functions in motor and emotional control and their degeneration leads to several neurological dysfunctions such as Parkinson's disease, addiction, depression, schizophrenia, and others. Despite advances in the understanding of specific altered proteins and coding genes, little is known about cumulative changes in the transcriptional landscape of noncoding genes in midbrain dopamine neurons. Noncoding RNAs-specifically microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs-are emerging as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in the brain.

Platelet-rich plasma for treatment of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy.

To determine whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can successfully treat symptoms associated with proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Charts were retrospectively reviewed of patients with a diagnosis of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy who underwent an ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich PRP injection to assess reported outcomes at baseline and final follow-up post-intervention. In 22 patients with a mean age of 48.

Serological landscape of cytokines in cutaneous melanoma.

Background: To date, serological markers to monitor melanoma progression and response to therapy are lacking. In this context cytokines appear to be promising biomarkers of the disease.

Objective: To compare cytokine and chemokine levels in melanoma patients and in healthy controls and to assess possible variations according to melanoma stage.

Assessing Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity With Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Measures Using Digital Technology.

Objective: Health information technology has enabled efficient measurement of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is becoming more widely adopted for research and routine care, and some PROMIS instruments might be substituted for lengthier, legacy PRO instruments.

Methods: Four PROMIS computer-adaptive testing (CAT) instruments (pain interference, physical function, sleep disturbance, and fatigue) and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3), along with pain intensity and patient global assessment score, were administered to participants in the ArthritisPower registry.

Atopic dermatitis treatment: what's new on the horizon?

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by an impaired immune response and skin barrier function. It is very frequent in adult population being present in up to 10% of population. Quality of life is often reduced in AD patients due to disease burden and symptoms like itch.

Factors Predictive of Outcomes in Vertebral Body Stapling for Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with successful outcomes in patients treated with vertebral body stapling (VBS) for idiopathic scoliosis.

Summary Of Background Data: The standard of care for moderate scoliosis (20°-45°) consists of observation and bracing with the goal of halting curve progression.

How Prospective Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Trainees Rank Residency Training Programs.

Background: Since the inception of the National Resident Matching Program, multiple studies have investigated the factors applicants consider important to ranking prospective residency programs. However, only 2 previous studies focused on prospective physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) trainees, and the most recent of these studies was published in 1993. It is unknown whether these previous studies are reflective of current prospective PM&R residents.

Skin toxicity evaluation in patients treated with cetuximab for metastatic colorectal cancer: a new tool for more accurate comprehension of quality of life impacts.

Objectives: The effectiveness of evaluation of the severity of epidermal growth-factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI)-associated dermatological toxicities remains a topic of debate. This study was designed to assess the correlation between quality of life (QoL) and severity of dermatological toxicity, evaluated using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) and our novel scale, the Eruption Scoring System (ESS), in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with first-line chemotherapy combined with cetuximab.

Methods: Cutaneous toxicity was evaluated, by oncologists and dermatologists, in patients (n=30) with histologically confirmed metastatic CRC who were scheduled to begin first-line chemotherapy combined with the EGFRI, cetuximab, using the NCI-CTCAE and ESS tools.

The tripeptide KdPT ameliorates ongoing psoriasis-like skin inflammation in murine and human skin.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease appearing as scaly erythematous cutaneous lesions, which are characterized by parakeratosis and acanthosis as well as the infiltration of immune cells, such as T helper-1 and T helper-17 cells. Here, we demonstrated that KdPT, a tripeptide structurally related to the C-terminal amino acids of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which was previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal inflammation, ameliorated ongoing disease in the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and in the small xenotransplant mouse model of psoriasis. We could show that systemic KdPT treatment significantly reduced hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in murine as well as human skin.

Joint functional impairment and thermal alterations in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A thermal imaging study.

Background: Functional infrared imaging (fIRI) is used to provide information on circulation, thermal properties and thermoregulatory function of the cutaneous tissue in several clinical settings.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the application of fIRI in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) assessment, evaluating the thermoregulatory alterations due to joint inflammation in PsA patients both in basal conditions and after a mild functional (isometric) exercise; fIRI outcomes were compared with those provided by Power Doppler Ultrasonography (PWD-US).

Methods: 10 patients with PsA and 11 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.

Polypodium leucotomos supplementation in the treatment of scalp actinic keratosis: could it improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy?

Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are a common premalignant skin condition. Many treatments are available for AKs. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the most effective treatments.

Mole modifications following controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction technologies.

Background: The role of estrogens on moles biology remains undefined although estrogenic receptors have been found on melanocytes. It has been postulated that supraphysiological estrogen levels could promote the progression of moles to melanoma. Women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are exposed to high levels of estrogens, produced by the ovary in response to exogenous gonadotropin administration.

Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL): a possible pathogenic role in chronic plaque psoriasis.

Background: Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. Its role has been investigated in skin cancers and some inflammatory and/or immune-mediated skin diseases. An involvement of TRAIL in psoriasis pathogenesis has recently been hypothesized.

Cutaneous signs of classical dermatomyositis.

Idiopathic immune myopathies (IIM) are an heterogeneous group of autoimmune muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscle involvement. Dermatomyositis (DM) is the most common form of IIM. It is a multisystem disorder characterized by symmetric proximal, extensor, inflammatory myopathy, vascular involvement and a characteristic cutaneous eruption.