Peroral endoscopic myotomy laparoscopic myotomy and partial fundoplication for esophageal achalasia: A single-center randomized controlled trial.

Background: Achalasia is a rare benign esophageal motor disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The treatment of achalasia is not curative, but rather is aimed at reducing LES pressure. In patients who have failed noninvasive therapy, surgery should be considered.

Hepatitis and pneumonitis during adalimumab therapy in Crohn disease: mind the histoplasmosis!

Context: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease. Because of the role of TNF-α in the host defenses, anti-TNF therapy has been associated with an increase the risks of granulomatous infections.

Objective: To report the first case of adalimumab-associated invasive histoplasmosis presenting as an acute hepatitis-like syndrome and febrile pneumonitis in a patient with Crohn's disease.