Insulin Requirements According to Sex and Weight in a Population of 9036 Adult Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Using Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery.

Background: The prediction of the individual insulin needs may facilitate the initiation of insulin therapy. Our aim was to explore the relationships between body weight, sex, and daily amounts of insulin delivered by a hybrid closed-loop system.

Methods: We performed a retrospective data collection of all consenting adult patients with type 1 diabetes who were equipped in Europe with the Diabeloop Generation 1 (DBLG1) hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery device between March 1, 2021 and February 28, 2023.

Oscillococcinum for upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbations in COPD: an observational, prospective study (OXITUNIS).

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a major cause of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the effectiveness of Oscillococcinum in the protection from URTIs in patients with COPD who had been vaccinated against influenza infection over the 2018-2019 winter season.

Methods: Patients (=106; mean ± standard deviation age: 66.

Daily volume of cases in emergency call centers: construction and validation of a predictive model.

Background: Variations in the activity of emergency dispatch centers are an obstacle to the rationalization of resource allocation. Many explanatory factors are well known, available in advance and could predict the volume of emergency cases. Our objective was to develop and evaluate the performance of a predictive model of daily call center activity.

Evaluation of eight biomarkers to predict short-term mortality in patients with acute severe dyspnea.

Background: Being able to better predict risk and optimal care for patients presenting with acute dyspnea is critical. Prognostic biomarkers are well known: amino-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide, troponin, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin. Some were more recently developed: mid-regional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (Mid Pro-ANP), mid-regional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), pro-endothelin, copeptin.

Complications of intravascular catheters in ICU: definitions, incidence and severity. A randomized controlled trial comparing usual transparent dressings versus new-generation dressings (the ADVANCED study).

Purpose: To describe all post-insertion complications involving most used intravascular access, and to determine whether the use of a new-generation transparent dressing (3M™ IV Advanced) might reduce their number and impact on ICU patient outcomes.

Methods: Patients older than 18, with an expected length of stay ≥48 h and requiring at least one central venous catheter (CVC), arterial catheter (AC), haemodialysis catheter (HDC), pulmonary arterial catheters (PAC) or peripheral venous catheter (PVC) were randomized into two groups: a new-generation transparent dressing, or the hospital's classical transparent dressing, and were followed daily for any infectious and non-infectious complications. Complications were graduated for severity by an independent international multicentre multidisciplinary panel of practitioners using a Delphi process.

Ethanol lock and risk of hemodialysis catheter infection in critically ill patients. A randomized controlled trial.

Rationale: Ethanol rapidly eradicated experimental biofilm. Clinical studies of ethanol lock to prevent catheter-related infections (CRIs) suggest preventive efficacy. No such studies have been done in intensive care units (ICU).

The Iatroref study: medical errors are associated with symptoms of depression in ICU staff but not burnout or safety culture.

Purpose: Staff behaviours to optimise patient safety may be influenced by burnout, depression and strength of the safety culture. We evaluated whether burnout, symptoms of depression and safety culture affected the frequency of medical errors and adverse events (selected using Delphi techniques) in ICUs.

Methods: Prospective, observational, multicentre (31 ICUs) study from August 2009 to December 2011.

Evaluation of RECIST in chemotherapy-treated lung cancer: the Pharmacogenoscan Study.

Background: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are widely used to assess the effect of chemotherapy in patients with cancer. We hypothesised that the change in unidimensional tumour size handled as a continuous variable was more reliable than RECIST in predicting overall survival (OS).

Methods: The prospective Pharmacogenoscan study enrolled consecutive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at any stage seen between 2005 and 2010 at six hospitals in France, given chemotherapy.

ICU physician-based determinants of life-sustaining therapy during nights and weekends: French multicenter study from the Outcomerea Research Group.

Objective: Patient- and organization-related factors are the most common influences affecting the ICU decision-making process. Few studies have investigated ICU physician-related factors and life-sustaining treatment use during nights and weekends, when staffing ratios are low. Here, we described patients admitted during nights/weekends and looked for physician-related determinants of life-sustaining treatment use in these patients after adjustment for patient- and center-related factors.

Initiation of nutritional support is delayed in critically ill obese patients: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: A high catabolic rate characterizes the acute phase of critical illness. Guidelines recommend an early nutritional support, regardless of the previous nutritional status.

Objective: We aimed to assess whether the nutritional status of patients, which was defined by the body mass index (BMI) at admission in an intensive care unit (ICU), affected the time of nutritional support initiation.

Sepsis severe or septic shock: outcome according to immune status and immunodeficiency profile.

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of the immune profile on the outcome at day 28 (D28) of patients admitted to the ICU for septic shock or severe sepsis.

Methods: We conducted an observational study using a prospective multicenter database and included all patients admitted to 11 ICUs for severe sepsis or septic shock from January 1997 to August 2011. Seven profiles of immunodeficiency were defined.

Aspergillus in the lower respiratory tract of immunocompetent critically ill patients.

Objectives: To shed light on the meaning of Aspergillus-positive lower-respiratory-tract samples in non immunocompromized critically ill patients.

Methods: Multicentre matched case-control (1:5) study. We used prospectively collected data to identify risk factors for Aspergillus-positive specimens, as well as outcomes in Aspergillus-positive patients.

Long-term adherence with non-invasive ventilation improves prognosis in obese COPD patients.

Background And Objective: Long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become a widespread modality of treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with chronic respiratory failure. However, benefits in terms of patient-related outcomes are still under debate. Both NIV adherence and heterogeneous responses in different COPD phenotypes may contribute to the difficulty of demonstrating NIV benefits.

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: trends in use and outcomes.

Purpose: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) had proven benefits in clinical trials that included selected patients admitted to highly skilled centers. Whether these benefits apply to every patient and in everyday practice deserves appraisal. The aim of the study was to assess the use and outcomes of NIV over the last 15 years.

Immunohistochemistry evaluation of biomarker expression in non-small cell lung cancer (Pharmacogenoscan study).

Objectives: Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are the standard treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, our objective was to identify tumor tissue protein biomarkers that might predict a benefit from these treatments.

Materials And Methods: The Pharmacogenoscan study prospectively included consecutive chemotherapy-naive NSCLC patients at any stage between 2005 and 2010 at six hospitals in the Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne region of France.

Diagnosis and management of temperature abnormality in ICUs: a EUROBACT investigators' survey.

Introduction: Although fever and hypothermia are common abnormal physical signs observed in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), little data exist on their optimal management. The objective of this study was to describe contemporary practices and determinants of management of temperature abnormalities among patients admitted to ICUs.

Methods: Site leaders of the multi-national EUROBACT study were surveyed regarding diagnosis and management of temperature abnormalities among patients admitted to their ICUs.

EMPIRICUS micafungin versus placebo during nosocomial sepsis in Candida multi-colonized ICU patients with multiple organ failures: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The potential interest of antifungal treatment of non-immunocompromized patients with sepsis, extra-digestive Candida colonization and multiple organ failure is unknown. It represents three-quarters of antifungals prescribed in Intensive Care Units. It may allow early treatment of invasive fungal infection in the incubation phase but expose patients to unnecessary antifungal treatments with subsequent cost and fungal selection pressure.

Ectopic activation of germline and placental genes identifies aggressive metastasis-prone lung cancers.

Activation of normally silent tissue-specific genes and the resulting cell "identity crisis" are the unexplored consequences of malignant epigenetic reprogramming. We designed a strategy for investigating this reprogramming, which consisted of identifying a large number of tissue-restricted genes that are epigenetically silenced in normal somatic cells and then detecting their expression in cancer. This approach led to the demonstration that large-scale "off-context" gene activations systematically occur in a variety of cancer types.

Reporting and handling missing values in clinical studies in intensive care units.

Introduction: Missing values occur in nearly all clinical studies, despite the best efforts of the investigators, and cause frequently unrecognised biases. Our aims were (1) to assess the reporting and handling of missing values in the critical care literature; (2) to describe the impact of various techniques for handling missing values on the study results; (3) to provide guidance on the management of clinical study analysis in case of missing data.

Methods: We reviewed 44 published manuscripts in three critical care research journals.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia. predictive factors of treatment failure.

Rationale: The predictive factors of treatment failure for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) remain uncertain.

Objectives: To describe PA-VAP recurrence prognosis and to identify associated risk factors in a large cohort of intensive care unit patients with PA-VAP.

Methods: From the multicenter OUTCOMEREA database (1997-2011), PA-VAP onset and recurrence were recorded.

Outcome of ICU patients with Clostridium difficile infection.

Introduction: As data from Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in intensive care unit (ICU) are still scarce, our objectives were to assess the morbidity and mortality of ICU-acquired CDI.

Methods: We compared patients with ICU-acquired CDI (watery or unformed stools occurring ≥ 72 hours after ICU admission with a stool sample positive for C. difficile toxin A or B) with two groups of controls hospitalized at the same time in the same unit.

Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically ill adults.

Rationale: Most vascular catheter-related infections (CRIs) occur extraluminally in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Chlorhexidine-impregnated and strongly adherent dressings may decrease catheter colonization and CRI rates.

Objectives: To determine if chlorhexidine-impregnated and strongly adherent dressings decrease catheter colonization and CRI rates.

Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study.

Purpose: The recent increase in drug-resistant micro-organisms complicates the management of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs). We investigated the epidemiology of HA-BSI and evaluated the impact of drug resistance on outcomes of critically ill patients, controlling for patient characteristics and infection management.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre non-representative cohort study was conducted in 162 intensive care units (ICUs) in 24 countries.

Outcomes in recurrent small-cell lung cancer after one to four chemotherapy lines: a retrospective study of 300 patients.

Standard treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a combination of etoposide and platinum for patients with extensive disease, associated with radiotherapy for patients with limited disease (LD). Therapeutic strategies for relapse, although well characterized, are disappointing. Between 1997 and 2009, 300 patients were treated for SCLC at Grenoble University Hospital.

Impact of an intensive care unit diary on psychological distress in patients and relatives*.

Objective: To assess the impact of an intensive care unit diary on the psychological well-being of patients and relatives 3 and 12 months after intensive care unit discharge.

Design: Prospective single-center study with an intervention period between two control periods.

Setting: Medical-surgical intensive care unit in a 460-bed tertiary hospital.